The Relevance of the Tatamba Mantra Manuscript and Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) in the Baduy Indigenous Community

Sundanese manuscripts are still relatively unknown in today's society. Perhaps it is regarded a new science with no benefit to scientific development. In truth, manuscripts and writings as subjects of philological study have been known in Alexandria from the third century BC, according to a character named Erasthothenes. Manuscripts as cultural documents and literary references for other sciences must be made aware of their existence in the current millennium, as many manuscripts' contents remain unknown. One of them is Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA), which is revealed in the manuscript text of the Tatamba mantra and is used by the Baduy indigenous community to boost endurance and immunity. The Tatamba manuscript's significance to Baduy TOGA must be maximized in order to determine the kind, function, dose, processing technique, and therapy actions, as well as the usage of TOGA for health maintenance based on the Tatamba manuscript. Descriptive research, comparative analysis, and text criticism study methodologies, as well as codicology and textology, pharmacology, health communication, and transdisciplinary cultural studies, were investigated. TOGA in the Tatamba mantra manuscript is relevant to the lives of the Baduy indigenous community because it is supported by the ngukus tradition, which is a ngajampé ceremony'reciting mantras' to pray for the safety, health, and welfare of the Baduy indigenous community, which is performed once a year when the ngalaksa tradition is carried out. This topic is relevant not only to philology, but also to other multidisciplinary fields such as agriculture, pharmacy, medicine, cultural communication, anthropology, and public health.


Introduction
Every ethnic group in Indonesia possesses local wisdom, as evidenced by their predecessors' remains.The Karuhun of the Sundanese people experience the same issue.They are full with creative ideas, ideals, and perspectives on life that are still relevant today.One of these remains is related to customs, traditions, or belief systems, as well as the richness of the environment and its contents, as owned by the Baduy traditional community, which is still strong and adamant about preserving their local cultural wisdom in accordance with the beliefs they hold.
The Baduy traditional community's cultural diversity is a valuable tool for enrichment as well as a powerful tool for preventing the entrance of foreign culture that is not compatible with our country's individuality.Local knowledge also enriches and promotes the growth of national culture.The Baduy traditional community's local wisdom is considered a 'icon' and can be used as an example of ancient Sundanese society that is still strong and firmly 'obedient' in upholding its customs and traditions, particularly in efforts to care for and preserve the potential of TOGA, which is truly extraordinary, and may not have been touched by people outside Baduy (Sumarlina, et al., 2023b).
As we all know, the Baduy indigenous people live in Kanekes, Leuwi Damar District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province.In everyday life, they employ family medicinal plants (TOGA) to prevent and boost endurance and immunity.The Baduy traditional community continues to practice the many plant species, functions, dosages, processing methods, and treatment activities described in the Tatamba mantra document.The relevance and intertwining of the Tatamba mantra manuscript text and TOGA, as well as the rituals and traditions regularly observed by the Baduy indigenous people, appear to have been able to reduce the presence of Covid-19.
Baduy Dalam, in particular, are constantly obedient and strictly follow their ancestors' traditions.However, as time passes, the Baduy community must get Elis Suryani Nani Sumarlina, Rangga Saptya Mohamad Permana, Undang Ahmad Darsa, Wina Erwina, Abdul Rasyad/The Relevance of the Tatamba Mantra Manuscript and Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) in the Baduy Indigenous Community stronger, sorting and selecting while also guarding itself from exterior influences, which are becoming increasingly congested and, as a result, have a significant impact on the norms, rules, and way of life of the outer Baduy group.This effect stems not only from technology advancements, but also from various cultural aspects.However, the Baduy community's myriad concealed fragments of local traditional wisdom are inextricably linked to TOGA's potential.
Sundanese manuscripts, particularly the Tatamba Mantra, detail the qualities and functions of medicinal plants and traditional medicine, as well as dosages, processing methods, and treatment procedures to prevent, treat, or offer immunity.Traditional medicine or family medicinal plants (TOGA) are ingredients or concoctions of ingredients in the form of plant/plant ingredients, animal ingredients, mineral ingredients, extract preparations (galenics), or combinations of these ingredients that have been used for generations for treatment and can be implemented in accordance with societal norms (Sumarlina, 2020), particularly in the Baduy traditional community (Sasmita, 2017).
Sundanese people have recognized the terms utek tongo walang taga (an animal/animal) and ron-ron gogodongan (leaves), which are now known as flora and fauna, since ancient times.The definition of utek is a small micron-shaped (microscopic) animal that cannot be caught by the eye or seen with the naked eye; tongo'mite', a type of insect-like animal, usually reddish in color; grasshoppers are animals that are pests, particularly plant pests; and taga are animals that are bangbung.All animals transmit disease, including bacteria, germs, and viruses, which, if introduced into the human body, cause illness.Meanwhile, ron is foliage that is able to cure various diseases caused by these pests (Sumarlina, et al., 2023a).
TOGA was disclosed through old Sundanese manuscripts from the 16th century AD, including Kropak 421 Mantera Aji Cakra, which contained antidote spells and Darmapamulih (treatment spells), and Kropak 409 'Soeloek Kidoengan Tetoelak Bilahi,' which was created from palm leaves, scripted, and written in Old Sundanese.Plants or herbs are described in numerous other medical writings as an antidote or as a way to make a person 'immune' to attacks by viruses, germs, or bacteria.
The goal is to reveal the relevance of the potential, existence, and benefits of TOGA in the Baduy traditional community using the text of the Mantra Tatamba manuscript, which plays an important role as a traditional health solution in efforts to prevent disease and increase the body's resistance to various viruses, bacteria, and germs, by understanding the type, function, dosage, processing methods, and correct treatment actions for health maintenance.Aside from revealing the significance of the Mantra Tatamba manuscript and the Baduy TOGA, it is consistent with the ngukus tradition, specifically the ngajampé ceremony'reciting the mantra', to pray for the safety, health, and welfare of the Baduy indigenous community, which is performed once a year during the ngalaksa tradition.
The phenomenon of the Tatamba mantra manuscript text is still being implemented and has relevance to the potential of TOGA in the Baduy traditional community, as well as other traditional communities in West Java, which is interesting to research, and which is expected to open people's horizons and views about the benefits and importance of preserving TOGA, through enrichment contained in the text of the Tatamba Mantra manuscript, which is useful for society, especially in the multidisciplinary fields of medicine, pharmacy and public health.

Method
TOGA has been known and utilized by Sundanese ancestors for millennia to treat a variety of sickness symptoms, and it was created through experience and technological advancement.The approach and application of TOGA is known as local knowledge, and it is still widely used in everyday life in society.
The purpose of this study is to determine the various potentials and uses of traditional medicinal plants hidden in Tatamba Mantra manuscript texts, using qualitative methods based on descriptive comparative analysis research methods and text critical study methods, which specifically include standard edition methods, both codicological and textological.Text studies incorporate transdisciplinary social culture and health communication, as well as anthropology, which is tailored to the conditions of manuscripts and the contents of both oral and written texts.Data gathering strategies include literature review and field work, as well as interviews, active involvement, and question and answer sessions.
According to the interests of this article, the people who are sources and participants in the problem of the potential and existence of TOGA in the Baduy traditional community come from the Inner Baduy traditional community and the Outer Baduy community at random, and include Puun, Jaro, Kokolot, and Elders involved in the field of medicine, such as a Shaman.To further disclose the potential and existence of TOGA, which is tied to the Tetamba Mantra manuscript text, the general population was enlisted as 'guides', as they frequently communicate with migrants or health practitioners in their villages.

Rusult and Discussion Baduy Indigenous People in the Millennium Era
Reviewing the state and conditions of the Kanekes Baduy indigenous people is critical in efforts to implement TOGA in their community.Because in this scenario, there is continuity between the two.Baduy Indigenous People They dwell in Kanékés, Leuwi Damar District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, and are known as a strong and tenacious group that keeps to its rituals, traditions, and beliefs despite its isolated location.The village is heavily reliant on its leaders, Jaro and Puun.They live modestly yet peacefully.People from other parts of Baduy have little influence on their life.
It is difficult to approach Baduy and residential neighborhoods since you must walk and manage slippery (clay) roads across high, rocky terrain with ups and downs.As a result, you must have exceptional stamina and endurance.The Baduy indigenous population has potential, natural wealth, and a high biodiversity that researchers may have overlooked, despite the fact that it has the potential to be enhanced and transformed into traditional medicines with great selling value.This is feasible because the Baduy traditional culture has long relied on the natural resources around them to support life, which they still do now.
The Baduy people dwell in steep terrain in Kanékés Village, Leuwi Damar District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province (Yani, 2008;Sumarlina, 2018a).The Baduy region is approximately 173 kilometers from Jakarta and 37 kilometers from Rangkasbitung.To get there, take a two-or four-wheeled vehicle to Cibolégér Village, Bojong Ménténg Village, Leuwi Damar District (Sumarlina, 2020).According to Yani (2008), Sumarlina (2013;2017), Heriyanto (2019b)), the Baduy area is organized into three distinct community groups: two Baduy ethnic The Baduy people are obedient and strictly cling to their forefathers' traditions.The Outer Baduy community is changing with time, particularly the community bordering Ciboleger, which is growing more populous as a result of outside influences.Not just from a technology standpoint, but also from numerous cultural factors, all of which will have an impact on the life structure of the surrounding community, particularly in terms of economic order (Yani, 2008;Sumarlina, 2018c).In this sense, in the current millennial era, the Baduy indigenous community must better guard itself against the flow of globalization and foreign culture, so that their local traditional wisdom can be preserved.
Manuscript texts cannot be revealed without an understanding of script, language, literature, materials, and culture (Sumarlina, et al., 2020b;Darsa, et al., 2020).Similarly, researching ancient Sundanese texts from the 16th century AD, because these characteristics are difficult to interpret (Sumarlina, et al., 2022).The Tatamba Mantra is one of the manuscript's contents that shows the intricacies of the medicinal plants and therapies in question, and it is used as a case study in this article.
The varied biodiversity of the Baduy indigenous community, as documented in the Mantra Tatamba book, will have economic value if the people can effectively exploit it.The Baduy people use the different TOGAs found in Tatamba ancient texts.It is not for sale.TOGA's vast potential is not cultivated or used.In fact, the Alma-Ata Declaration, which supports traditional medicine in maintaining world health and is the realization of WHO's vision of world health in the twenty-first century (Sumarlina, et al, 2018c), even though its implementation is not yet complete, it may be beneficial to research TOGA so that it can be used by communities beyond Baduy.
The use of TOGA in the Baduy Indigenous Community, as described in the Mantra Tatamba text, is part of the nation's culture, although its effectiveness and safety have not been fully validated by acceptable research results.Given the foregoing, and the fact that Indonesia is a global mega-center for medicinal plants, it is critical to establish a national policy that can be used as a reference by all parties involved (Heriyanto, et al., 2019a).
The Baduy traditional society and those hidden in scrolls have a habit of eating TOGA mixtures to treat themselves and others.This demonstrates that traditional medicine employing TOGA has established a culture and makes a significant contribution to societal health.As a result, TOGA's substances are beneficial, Elis Suryani Nani Sumarlina, Rangga Saptya Mohamad Permana, Undang Ahmad Darsa, Wina Erwina, Abdul Rasyad/The Relevance of the Tatamba Mantra Manuscript and Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) in the Baduy Indigenous Community effective, safe, and reasonably priced, making their existence essential in the contemporary millennial period.TOGA mixture is thought to heal practically incurable disorders (Susanti, 2017;Sumarlina, et al., 2019;Sumarlina, 2020b).The TOGA concoction employed by the Baduy Indigenous Community has been utilized to prevent and treat diseases, with amazing success.For example, during the Covid-19 Pandemic, no Baduy community was exposed to the virus.This is not only because they are accustomed to drinking and eating TOGA, but also because they follow Jaro and Puun's customs and traditions.
TOGA concoctions pose dangers if ingested hastily and without regard for the proper dosage, processing method, and therapy.This still occurs frequently in the community when using Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA).So far, fresh doses have been referred to as "a spoonful, a pinch, a pinch, a handful, a sprig, a glass, a bunch, a sheet."The dosage mentioned does not specify the size of the leaves, the quantity of components processed, consumed, or eaten.This dose issue is critical because if it is not precise, issues can arise.To treat a sickness, you don't only utilize one variety of TOGA; you combine it with other therapeutic plants, such as medical medications.
One example of how the Hareueus plant from Baduy is used to care for and treat newborn newborns in order to keep them healthy is when it is combined with other plants such as tamiang, awi apus, awi gede, tuak ki seureuh, tuak siwurungan.In the Baduy traditional society, diseases are treated not only with one type of TOGA, but also with up to nine other varieties of medicinal herbs.The nine medicinal herbs that were combined can be utilized to cure a variety of ailments.The crucial element is that the plants blended must be nine different types, in accordance with their beliefs and those of their predecessors.
The results of research on the Tatatamba Mantra manuscript, according to disease, medicine, dosage, processing methods, and treatment actions, obtained almost 250 types of plants used as medicine, but in this paper, only 48 types of TOGA are represented in accordance with those used by the Baduy indigenous community.to overcome complaints and health, through topical (external medicine) or oral (drinking) use, colds/respiratory tract infections, pain, fever, digestive disorders, ENT disorders, psychiatric disorders, urinary tract disorders/urinary stones, appetite disorders, anatomical disorders, and trauma/accidents (Sumarlina et al., 2018b(Sumarlina et al., & 2019;;Sumarlina, et al., 2022).
According to Ulfah (2006) and Sumarlina et al. (2020c), TOGA in Baduy contains elements, main components for medicinal purposes, supporting elements, elements that help strengthen the effect, and complementary or balancing elements in the formulation.Each of the elements listed above can be satisfied by more than one variety of medicinal plant, hence TOGA's composition is quite diverse.This article does not include all of the medicinal plants (of the hundreds discovered) that are commonly used by the Baduy indigenous community and are also mentioned in the Tatamba mantra manuscript, particularly those that are useful for increasing immunity and body resistance and treating other diseases.It is vital to prevent Covid-19.Spices are good but may not be well known by the general population, as illustrated in the chart below.TOGA, which includes katuk leaves, acts in addition to increasing body resistance and immunity by facilitating breast milk, lowering fever, eliminating unclean blood, brittle bones or osteoporosis, and eliminating influenza.Moringa leaves 'Moringa' are generally connected with magic in society, but they are genuinely effective for curing asthma, toothache, canker sores, allergies, herpes, spots, gout, swelling, cholesterol, diabetes, conquering snake venom, scorpion venom, ringworm, and kidney stones.renal disease, nearsightedness, aches and pains, rheumatism, motion sickness, jaundice, urination, sleeplessness, and neurological disorders.Cangkudu fruit 'noni' has numerous applications, including cancer cell resistance, immune system support, antibacterial properties, and antiviral activity.Influenza, yellow fever/hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, as well as treating worm infections, heart, cardiovascular, hemorrhoids, gout, diabetes, goiter, digestion, blood circulation, infections, fever, osteoporosis, bone health, and gray hair.
Kahitutan leaves 'DaunTembelekan' are used to boost immunity, lose weight, manage diabetes, improve digestion, alleviate pain, headaches, and aches, and improve breathing.Jukut Teki 'Grass Teki' is effective in treating heart disease, asthma, and cancer.Walanda jackfruit 'soursop' is known to improve endurance, asthma, coughing, and hypertension.Cikur 'kencur' (Kaempferia galanga), in addition to strengthening the body's endurance, is effective in treating sore throats, liquefying mucus or phlegm, and acting as an anti-cancer medicine, which is frequently used by Covid-19 patients.Citrus fruits can also boost immunity, aid digestion, lower blood pressure, prevent cancer, heart disease, renal disease, and asthma attacks.Likewise with tamarind 'asam' (Tamarindus Indica).Pulosari cures shortness of breath, sore throat, cough, gallstones, cervix, anti-venom, analgesic, infections, reduces blood glucose levels, anti-diarrhea, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, and upper respiratory.The Fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare) can be used in telon oil to treat coughs, shortness of breath, asthma, stomach problems, diarrhea, and bloody hemorrhoids.
Another TOGA, guava leaves, can help with hypertension, heart disease, visual accommodation, constipation, diarrhea, fever, and coughing.Treats viral and bacterial infections, regulates blood glucose and thyroid levels, and reduces fever.It treats diarrhea and skin pains, as well as influenza.Surawung 'Kemangi' leaves are beneficial for treating eye pain, antibodies, anti-oxidants, collagen, wounds, skin elasticity, and carcinogenic antioxidants.Functions include nutrition absorption, acid and base balance, tooth formation, muscle and blood vessel formation, antifungal activity, and vaginal discharge removal.Sembung leaves help treat influenza.Secang stems are used to treat inflammation, fever, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, influenza-induced colds, and sore throats.Aside from enhancing bodily endurance, binahong leaves can help with shortness of breath, diabetes, high blood pressure, bloody coughs, lung disease, and strokes.Babadotan treats cancer, diabetes, heat, fever, and malaria.
TOGA found in the Tatamba manuscript but also utilized by the Baduy indigenous community is Jahé (Zigiber officinale), which is effective in improving body endurance, treating coughs and colds, anti-inflammatory, cancer, warming the body, headaches, allergies, whooping cough, and rheumatism.Ginger is a medicinal plant with several varieties, including elephant ginger, yellow ginger, and red ginger, which contain a lot of essential oils, especially for body endurance, but there are also some that are useful for other purposes, such as yellow ginger, which is used as a cooking spice, and elephant ginger, which is used as a beverage ingredient.
TOGA found in the Tatamba manuscript but also utilized by the Baduy indigenous community is Jahé (Zigiber officinale), which is effective in improving body endurance, treating coughs and colds, anti-inflammatory, cancer, warming the body, headaches, allergies, whooping cough, and rheumatism.Ginger is a medicinal plant with several varieties, including elephant ginger, yellow ginger, and red ginger, which contain a lot of essential oils, especially for increasing body endurance, but there are also some that are useful for other purposes, such as yellow ginger, which is used as a cooking spice, and elephant ginger, which is used as a beverage ingredient.The TOGA leaves, fruit, and seeds used by the Baduy Indigenous Community, as documented in the Tatamba manuscript, contain cinnamon.serves as an antioxidant, enhances endurance, anticancer, diarrhea, colds, flu, hypertension, and bronchitis.

Application of TOGA in Health Care
Ordinary people believe that utilizing herbal medicine or TOGA is safer than using modern treatment because it has no side effects.This idea is not entirely right because TOGA contains a variety of active compounds that, if not used in accordance with recommendations and laws, including type, benefits, dose, processing method, and proper treatment, can be harmful to one's health.According to Kumalasari (Sumarlina, et al, 2018b), inappropriate use of traditional medicine, both in terms of the right ingredients, right dose, right time, right way of use, right action, right information review, right indication, and without misuse, can lead to fatal health problems.
In the current millennial era, TOGA is still considered safer than contemporary medication because it has no negative effects.Actually, this assumption is not totally accurate.This is because TOGA contains a variety of active chemicals, which, if not taken properly, might have a negative impact on health maintenance.In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of traditional medicines for health maintenance and disease prevention, as well as the treatment of chronic, degenerative diseases, and cancer, while also encouraging efforts to improve their safety and efficacy (Sumarlina, et al., 2020c).WHO (2003) also supports efforts to improve the safety of traditional medicines.Aside from the search for alternative treatments, what is driving the surge in the usage of TOGA-based medications in industrialized countries?Because the results of contemporary medicine are not always good, and because traditional medicine's reputation is improving around the world (Sumarlina, et al., 2018b).However, it appears that the use of TOGA continues in indigenous populations.
TOGA is classified as a medicinal plant if it has been shown to help treat or prevent disease in people, or if it can alter physiological functions, influence the Elis Suryani Nani Sumarlina, Rangga Saptya Mohamad Permana, Undang Ahmad Darsa, Wina Erwina, Abdul Rasyad/The Relevance of the Tatamba Mantra Manuscript and Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) in the Baduy Indigenous Community immune system or metabolism, and be used to diagnose.Of course, TOGA must conduct clinical trials and toxicity/safety tests.TOGA's effectiveness and efficiency will be achieved if the TOGA type, TOGA function, dose, processing technique, and therapy activities are used correctly and on target.However, if these five variables are ignored, they are likely to be useless, and maybe conflicting.We must adhere to government regulations on TOGA in line with FROTI, as explained by WHO.

Intertwining Mantra and TOGA in the Baduy Indigenous Community
The intertwining of TOGA's potential and existence in Baduy society, as revealed in the Tatamba mantra manuscript, is considered important and should be informed about in the current millennial era, because there are still many Sundanese manuscripts whose contents have not been revealed but are still used by the indigenous people of Baduy as a medium for storing information and cultural literacy.Consuming TOGA in the proper type, function, dose, use, method, and treatment can boost the body's immunity/resistance to viruses, germs, and bacteria.It is intended that by socializing and implementing TOGA, individuals will be wise in sorting and selecting TOGA, resulting in an effective and on-target solution.This article is useful not only in the field of philology, but also in medical, pharmacy, public health, dentistry, nursing, agriculture, libraries, archives, and communication sciences.
The Tatamba Mantra text plays a vital part in efforts to overcome health problems and other complaints in indigenous communities, despite the fact that it is not completely safe for eating, as previously stated.This is comprehensible because the active ingredient content of the same plant can vary based on the plant's location and temperature, age, and treatment method.Of course, human elements that use it can also cause distinct impacts, such as local traditions or culture, and genetic/racial traits, which can differentiate how it is used in one place from another, such as staple foods/other foods typically consumed, spices, or specific spices.According to Susanti (Sumarlina, et al., 2021), this result supports the need for investigation, study, and standardization of natural constituents before they are classified as standardized herbs and phytopharmaceuticals.
TOGA and the Tataamba mantra manuscript are inextricably linked and relevant to the Baduy indigenous community's daily life, as are their rituals, habits, and beliefs.The Baduy traditional culture is highly close to the use of mantras (depending on their nature and needs) because they perceive their utility, particularly healing spells.This mantra issue is essential because it is backed by religious or beliefrelated rituals and traditions known as the ngukus tradition.The Ngukus tradition is a ngajampé ceremony to pray for safety and health that takes place once a year during the ngalaksa festival.Thus, there is a link between customs, traditions, and the belief system people follow.
Because of its association with the ngukus heritage, mantra remains important to the Baduy traditional community.Some people in society, either directly or indirectly, oppose the usage of mantras.The healing spells disclosed in the Tatamba Mantra manuscript are no exception, as they are regarded contradictory to belief.In fact, the text included in the Tatamba manuscript is publically accessible and can be used in a multidisciplinary manner by various branches of science, depending on their interests.These domains of knowledge include medicine, pharmacy, physics, nursing, public health, dentistry, health communication, entrepreneurship, Elis Suryani Nani Sumarlina, Rangga Saptya Mohamad Permana, Undang Ahmad Darsa, Wina Erwina, Abdul Rasyad/The Relevance of the Tatamba Mantra Manuscript and Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) in the Baduy Indigenous Community linguistics, literature, anthropology, and culture in general, all of which are tied to the local wisdom of the West Javanese Indigenous people.which has not been influenced by external civilization.

Conclusion
TOGA has enormous potential and is already present in the Baduy traditional community.Unfortunately, it has not been fully utilized due to a lack of expertise.Furthermore, certain cultures, traditions, and faiths prohibit them from being violated.The study's findings indicate a link between TOGA in Baduy and the manuscript text of the Tatamba Mantra, which is an important traditional health solution for preventing disease and increasing immunity or the immune system's resistance to various viruses, bacteria, and germs.The assumption that TOGA is safer than modern medicine and has no side effects is not entirely correct, because TOGA contains a variety of active substances that, when used, do not comply with recommendations and regulations regarding type, benefits, dosage, processing method, and treatment measures.which is true, can have a negative impact on health, and misuse of TOGA can result in fatal difficulties for health maintenance.
The Tatamba Mantra manuscript, which contains various types of TOGA as well as functions, dosages, processing methods, and treatment actions, is relevant to the Baduy indigenous people's daily lives because it is supported by religious or beliefrelated customs and traditions known as the ngukus tradition, which is always followed by the indigenous community.Baduy.The Ngukus ritual is a ngajampé ceremony 'reciting mantras' to pray for the safety, health, and welfare of the Baduy indigenous community, which is performed once a year as part of the ngalaksa tradition.Thus, customs and traditions have an indirect relationship with the religious system to which they adhere.This article is multidisciplinary in nature and can be applied to different sciences.Especially for TOGA-related sciences including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, dentistry, and agriculture.Also applicable in psychology, health communication, and anthropology.
Elis SuryaniNani Sumarlina, Rangga Saptya Mohamad Permana, Undang Ahmad Darsa, Wina Erwina, AbdulRasyad/The Relevance of the Tatamba Mantra Manuscript and Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) in the Baduy Indigenous Community communities that comprise one community unit known as the Baduy Tribe, namely Inner Baduy and Outer Baduy.The Outer Baduy Tribe is a separate community from the Baduy Tribe.