Porkes Journal is dedicated to the exchange of high quality research results in all aspects of Sport education (Physical Education Health and Recreation). The journal publishes advanced articles in basic theory, experiments and simulations, and applications, with systematically proposed methods, adequate reviews of previous works, comprehensive discussions, and concise conclusions. As our commitment to the advancement of science and technology, the languages used in this journal are Indonesian and English (preferred). Porkes Journal follows an open access policy that allows published articles to be freely available online without the need for a subscription. Scope of Porkes Journal is research, study and analysis related to Sports education (Physical Education Health and Recreation) including; (1) Physical Education, (2) Traditional Sports, (3) Recreational Sports, (4) Sports Management, (5) Sports Pedagogics, (6) Sports Biomechanics, (7) Active Education, (8) Sports Psychology, (9) Sports Physiology, (10) Performance Analysis, (11) Physical Activity, (12) Sports Talent Identification, (13) Sports Coaching, (14) and others related to improving the quality of Physical Health and Recreation Education. Nama Jurnal : Jurnal Porkes Inisial : Jurnal Porkes Jadwal Terbit : 4 Kali Setahun | Maret, Juni, September, Desember DOI : 10.29408 /porkes e-ISSN : 2614-8781 Ketua Penyunting : Suryansah Penerbit : Universitas Hamzanwadi Analisa Kutipan : Google Scholar | SINTA 3 | Garuda
Jurnal Porkes is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License
Pengaruh Latihan Zig Zag Run dan Shuttle Run Terhadap Hasil Keterampilan Menggiring Pemain Futsal
The low dribbling skills of extracurricular futsal players at SMAN 10 Luwu formed the background to this research problem. This study aimed to analyse the effect of zig-zag run and shuttle run training on improving dribbling skills and to determine which of the two exercises was more effective. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 20 students who were divided homogeneously into two groups, each receiving either zig-zag run or shuttle run training. Data collection instruments used the Bobby Charlton Dribbling Test. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. The results showed that shuttle run training had a significant effect on improving dribbling skills (p = 0.000), with an average improvement of 4.8934 seconds. Zig-zag run training also had a significant effect (p = 0.000), with a greater average improvement of 8.0764 seconds. There was a significant difference in the effect between the two exercises (p = 0.002), with the zig-zag run proving to be more effective. The conclusion of this study is that although both exercises are effective, the zig-zag run has a superior effect on improving futsal dribbling skills because its movement pattern more specifically mimics actual game situations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Resky Syaifuddin, Rachmat Hidayat, Arman Bin Anur, A. Heri Riswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Impact of Recreational Sports on Improving Community Economic Welfare: A Scoping Literature Review
Recreational sports have become an integral part of modern society, with participation in Indonesia reaching 65% in 2022. However, a comprehensive understanding of their direct contribution to community economic welfare, especially in rural and small communities, remains limited. This study aims to conduct a scoping literature review to map the evidence on the impact of recreational sports on community economic welfare. Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework, a systematic search was conducted on Scopus, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar databases for English-language articles published between 2020 and 2025. From 506 initial records, 8 articles were selected for final analysis after screening. The findings indicate that recreational sports contribute to economic welfare through job creation, increased local spending, infrastructure investment, and enhanced tourism appeal. Team sports (e.g., soccer, basketball), water-based activities (e.g., surfing), and running events (e.g., marathons) demonstrate the most significant economic impact. The underlying mechanism involves a positive multiplier effect that stimulates various local economic sectors. Key enablers include government support, community participation, private sector involvement, and effective marketing. Conversely, constraints include limited funding, inadequate promotion, cultural barriers, and poor accessibility. Optimizing the economic benefits of recreational sports requires integrated programming and multi-stakeholder collaboration among government, communities, and the private sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dixon E. M. Taek Bete, Amin Pujiati, Aristiyanto, Guntur R. P. Herdinata, Fredy Eko Setiawan, Muhammad Syaleh, Yulius Nabu Nino, Gregorius G. Jado, Rina Nopiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Kontribusi Endorsement dan Influencer Selebriti Terhadap Pendapatan Industri Fitness di Era Digital
The development of the fitness industry in the digital era requires effective marketing strategies, one of which is through celebrity and influencer endorsements. However, the effectiveness of this strategy in the Indonesian context, particularly in terms of its contribution to revenue growth, has not been comprehensively researched. This study aims to analyze the effect of celebrity endorsements and influencer marketing on the revenue of the fitness industry and to identify the factors that determine their effectiveness. The method used is quantitative with an explanatory research design. Primary data was collected through an online survey of 450 respondents in major cities in Indonesia, supported by secondary data from the financial reports of 15 fitness companies. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and multiple regression. The results show that celebrity endorsements and influencer marketing significantly increase revenue by 34.7%, with influencer credibility, brand-endorser fit, and content quality as the main determinants. It is concluded that digital marketing strategies based on authenticity, expertise, and active engagement are effective in building consumer trust and increasing the revenue of the fitness industry in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Syaleh, Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti, Dixon E. M. Taek Bete, Aristiyanto, Guntur Rati Prestifa, Ferdi Eko Setiawan, Dwi Septi Anjas Wulan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Hubungan Kecepatan Terhadap Keterampilan Dribbling dalam Permainan Sepak Bola di SSB Bhirawa Tirtoyudo
This study was motivated by the importance of understanding the relationship between physical condition and technical skills in early age soccer. The problem raised was the lack of clarity regarding the direct relationship between running speed and dribbling skills in young players at SSB Bhirawa Tirtoyudo. The purpose of this study was to analyze the significant relationship between speed and soccer dribbling skills. The method used was quantitative correlational with a sample of 35 players selected purposively. The research instruments were a 30-meter running speed test and a standardized zig-zag dribbling test. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test after fulfilling the assumptions of normality and linearity. The results showed a strong and significant negative relationship between speed and dribbling skills (r = -0.726, p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.527 indicated that 52.7% of the variation in dribbling skills was influenced by speed. The conclusion of this study is that speed is a determining factor that greatly contributes to dribbling quality. Implicitly, coaches are advised to integrate speed training into dribbling skill development programs to optimize the holistic performance of young players.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ilham Amin, Rubi Kurniawan, Tri Asih Wahyu Hartati, Anangga Widya Pradipta, Muhammad Noufal Lutfiansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Minat dan Motivasi Siswa dalam Mengikuti Permainan Bulu Tangkis
This study was motivated by the low enthusiasm and participation of students in badminton lessons at MTs As'adiyah Belawa Baru, which was thought to be influenced by suboptimal interest and motivation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of student interest and motivation descriptively and quantitatively. The method used was a survey with a descriptive quantitative approach. The population and sample consisted of 41 eighth-grade students, selected using saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through a closed questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study show that students' interest in badminton is in the “fairly good” category (31.70%), but surprisingly, the proportion of students with “very low” interest is also very high (29.27%). On the other hand, the level of student motivation is more positive, with 63.41% of respondents in the ‘good’ and “fairly good” categories. The conclusion of this study is that there is an imbalance between interest and motivation, where student participation is driven more by extrinsic motivation (such as teacher encouragement and academic demands) than intrinsic interest. The implication is that teachers need to design more varied and enjoyable learning strategies to convert this external motivation into sustained interest.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nasriana, Rachmat Hidayat, Nur Saqinah Galugu, A. Heri Riswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Minat dan Motivasi Siswa dalam Mengikuti Pembelajaran PJOK
Low student interest and motivation in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning is a critical issue at SD Negeri 19 Mappesau. Initial observations show symptoms of disinterest and inactivity among students, especially in grade V, which are strongly suspected to be related to limited sports facilities and infrastructure and teaching methods that lack variety. This study aims to analyze the level of student interest and motivation and identify the factors that influence them. The method used is quantitative descriptive with data collection techniques through questionnaires. The research sample consisted of 12 students from grade V selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that student interest was in the moderate category (42%), with intrinsic interest being more dominant. Meanwhile, student motivation was also in the moderate category (50%), with extrinsic motivation being lower due to the impact of limited facilities. The conclusion of the study reveals that the root of the problem lies not only in the internal aspects of students, but more in external factors such as the lack of sports equipment and teaching approaches that are not yet contextual. The implication is that context-aware teaching strategies and innovations in the use of local resources are needed to create more effective and enjoyable PJOK learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurfitria Darmawan, Rachmat Hidayat, A. Heri Riswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Resistance Band dan Plyometric Terhadap Jump Service Pemain Voli Muda Putri Barengko
The offensive jump serve ability of young female volleyball players at Barengko is still low. This is thought to be due to a lack of training specifically aimed at developing explosive power, which is a key component of this technique. This study aims to analyze the effect of resistance band and plyometric training on improving jump serve ability, as well as to determine the difference in effectiveness between the two training methods. The method used is a quantitative experiment with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 16 female athletes divided into two groups. The research instrument was a jump serve test to a target value. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, paired sample t-tests, and independent sample t-tests. The results showed that both resistance band and plyometric training significantly improved jump serve ability. The resistance band group experienced an average increase from 4.88 to 10.00, while the plyometric group increased from 5.00 to 9.25. The independent sample t-test (sig. 0.049) proved that resistance band training was significantly more effective than plyometric training. It was concluded that resistance band training contributed more to improving the jump serve ability of young female volleyball players at Barengko.
Copyright (c) 2025 Astrit, Nur Saqinah Galugu, Ahmad, Suaib Nur, Andi Heri Riswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Penggunaan Audiovisual Terhadap Kemampuan Tendangan Depan Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Pencak Silat
This study was motivated by the low level of front kick technique skills among pencak silat extracurricular participants at MTsN Kota Palopo. The main obstacles were limited coaching time and reliance on conventional teaching methods, which were ineffective in conveying the correct visualization of movements. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of using audiovisual media on improving pencak silat front kick technique skills. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 10 students selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument used a front kick skill test with 10 technical assessment indicators. Data were collected through practical tests before and after the treatment in the form of playing a video tutorial on front kick techniques. The results of descriptive statistical analysis showed an increase in the average score from 4.50 (pretest) to 7.70 (posttest). The paired sample t-test produced a significance value (p) of 0.000 < 0.05, which indicates a significant difference between the skills before and after the treatment. The conclusion of the study proves that audiovisual media is effective in improving the mastery of pencak silat front kick techniques. The implications of the study recommend the integration of audiovisual media in the training process to optimize the learning of basic martial arts techniques.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulkifli Sewang, Rachmat Hidayat, Rasyidah Jalil, A. Heri Riswanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Resistance Band Terhadap Peningkatan Kecepatan Speed Climbing
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance band training on improving speed climbing in Palopo City, Indonesia. This study was an experiment, where the purpose of an experimental study is to determine the possible cause and effect of independent and dependent variables. The study population was speed climbing athletes in Palopo City, Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used because it was considered relevant to the purpose of the study. The research sample consisted of 10 speed climbing athletes in Palopo City, Indonesia. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis, data normality tests, homogeneity tests, and paired sample t-tests at a significance level of α = 0.05. From the research results, as seen in the table in the paired sample t-test, it was concluded that the t value was 9.380, which was greater than the t table value of 4.781, or t value of 9.380 > t table 4.781, and the sig. (2-tailed) result was 0.001 < 0.05. The average pretest speed climbing score on the Indonesian line was 14.4450, and the average posttest speed climbing score on the Indonesian line was 12.5500, with a difference between the groups of 1.895. It can be concluded that resistance band training has a significant effect on speed climbing on the Indonesian line.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anjas, A. Heri Riswanto, Ahmad, Binsar Hasudungan Sihombing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Passing Bawah Bola Voli Melalui Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Animasi
The problem in this study is the low mastery of underhand passing techniques in volleyball among 11th grade social studies students at SMAN 1 Batu Putih. Initial observations show that only 21.43% of students achieved the minimum passing grade (KKM), presumably due to conventional teaching methods and the lack of audio-visual media. The purpose of this study was to improve learning outcomes in underhand passing in volleyball through the use of animation-based instructional videos. The method or type of research used was Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles. There were 28 students in the study. Data collection techniques included observation, performance tests, and documentation. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in learning outcomes. The percentage of classical mastery increased from 57.14% (16 students) in Cycle I to 89.28% (25 students) in Cycle II. Animated videos proved to be able to stimulate enthusiasm and make it easier for students to visualize and practice the correct movement techniques. It was concluded that animation-based learning videos were effective in improving the learning outcomes of volleyball underhand passing skills in students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Devi Herianti, Suaib Nur, Irsan Kahar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Komparasi Model Pembelajaran Tradisional dan Kooperatif Terhadap Pengembangan Keterampilan Bermain Futsal
This study was motivated by the dominance of traditional learning models in futsal extracurricular activities, which are considered less effective in developing tactical aspects and teamwork. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of traditional learning models with Team Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative models in improving futsal skills holistically. The research method used a pretest-posttest control group experimental design with a sample of 20 students randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The research instrument used the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI), which has been tested for validity (Aiken's V = 0.87) and reliability (ICC = 0.91). The intervention was conducted for 6 weeks with a frequency of 2 meetings per week. The results showed that both learning models significantly improved futsal skills, but the TGT model proved to be superior with an N-Gain value of 0.62 (moderate category) compared to the traditional model which was only 0.28 (low category). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in final skills (p = 0.000) and learning effectiveness (p = 0.000) between the two groups. The conclusion of this study recommends the TGT model as a more optimal approach for comprehensive futsal skill development, particularly in the aspects of tactics and teamwork, so that it can be adopted in futsal extracurricular learning in secondary schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ansar CS, Rodhi Rusdianto Hidayat, Hakim Irwandi Marpaung, Ibrahim, Ipa Sari Kardi, Marsuki, Ince Abdul Muhaemin Mangngassai, Andi Syaiful, Nasruddin, Junalia Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Tugas Gerak Lompat Jauh untuk Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Atas
The problem addressed in this study is that long jump instruction in high schools is often hampered by limited media that can clearly and structurally visualize movement techniques, making it difficult for many students to understand and practice the movement stages correctly. This study aims to develop practical and effective long jump movement task-based instructional videos for high school students. This study uses the ADDIE development model, with a focus on the implementation stage. Data collection was conducted through a Formative Class Evaluation (FCE) questionnaire filled out by 15 students as a small test group sample. The data was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The test results showed very positive responses. The overall average score reached 3.00 (Very Good category). A total of 100% of students felt that they were learning in a friendly situation, 93.3% performed the movement tasks seriously, and 86.6% participated in the learning with a feeling of enjoyment. The conclusion of this study is that the task-based learning video on long jump developed has proven to be very practical and effective in creating a positive learning experience, improving movement understanding, and encouraging collaboration among students. This media is recommended for use by physical education teachers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kadek Jefry Dwi Sumarjono, Made Agus Wijaya, I Ketut Semarayasa, I Wayan Artanayasa, I Gede Suwiwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Target dan Metode Dril Terhadap Peningkatan Akurasi Shooting pada Atlet Futsal Putri Belopa
Low shooting accuracy is a fundamental problem for female futsal athletes in Belopa. This study aims to analyze the effect of a combination of target training and drill methods on improving shooting accuracy in female futsal athletes at the club. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, involving 20 athletes as samples. The research instrument was a shooting test at the goal, which was divided into several zones with different scores. The training intervention program, which integrated both methods, was carried out for four weeks. The measurement results showed a significant increase in shooting accuracy scores, from a pretest average of 13.44 to 16.28 in the posttest. The results of the paired sample t-test confirmed that both methods had a significant effect, with target practice contributing to a 21.06% increase in accuracy, while the drill method had a greater impact with an increase of 81.74%. The conclusion of this study is that the combination of target practice, which trains focus and precision, with the drill method, which forms muscle memory through repetition, proved to be very effective in improving shooting accuracy. Therefore, this training approach is recommended to be strategically adopted in training programs to improve the technical performance of women's futsal athletes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tridayanti, Ahmad, Suaib Nur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Grobogan dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Atlet Cabor Sepak Bola
This study was motivated by the low performance of soccer athletes at the regional level, despite the sport having a very large fan base. The study aims to analyze the policies of the Grobogan Regency Government in its efforts to improve the performance of soccer athletes. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the local government has a clear commitment and policy framework through the 2021-2026 Disporapar Strategic Plan, as well as supporting early age training through Soccer Schools (SSB) and the local Persipur club. However, the implementation of these policies still faces various obstacles, such as limited regional budgets (APBD), inadequate sports infrastructure, a lack of certified coaches, and weak coordination and synergy between relevant institutions. The conclusion of this study indicates that the policy direction is appropriate, but it is necessary to strengthen the implementation aspects in the form of more detailed technical regulations, improved quality of coaching human resources, sustainable funding, and a more integrated and collaborative long-term development strategy between the government, community, and private sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deantama Surya Pan Asiandaru, Said Junaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Strategi Integrasi Sirkuit Mandalika dan Olahraga Tradisional untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Destinasi Wisata Sport Tourism
The construction of the Mandalika Circuit has positioned Lombok as a global sports tourism destination, particularly in the field of motorsports. However, sustainable competitiveness requires irreplaceable uniqueness. Traditional sports such as Presean and Bau Nxale (a maritime tradition with a sporting element), as well as Perahu Bedar, are cultural assets with high commercial value. The integration of the modern image of the Mandalika Circuit and the authenticity of traditional sports has the potential to create a Unique Selling Proposition (USP) for Lombok. This study aims to formulate a strategy for integrating these two elements to create a comprehensive sports tourism package. A qualitative method with case studies was used, with data collected through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders and analyzed using SWOT. The results of the study identify a great opportunity for a “Dual Experience: Adrenaline & Culture” package. The circuit serves as an anchor attraction, while traditional sports become a complementary product that extends the length of stay and increases tourist spending. The key to the success of this strategy lies in integrated marketing, professional event management, and authentic tourism experience packaging.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amin Pujiati, Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti, Suryansah, Aristiyanto, Guntur Ratih Prestifa Herdinata, Fredy Eko Setiawan, Muhammad Syaleh, Dixon E. M. Taek Bete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Validasi Silang Test Kebugaran Pelajar Nusantara (TKPN) Dengan Test Kebugaran Siswa Indonesia (TKSI) pada Sekolah Dasar Usia 9-12 Tahun (Fase C)
The lack of clarity regarding the equivalence between the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN) and the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI) is a problem in assessing the physical fitness of elementary school students. This study aims to analyze the relationship and differences in fitness measurement results using these two instruments in students aged 9-12 years. The method used was quantitative with a correlational descriptive approach. The sample consisted of 149 elementary school students in Jonggat District who were selected purposively. Data were collected through the TKPN and TKSI applications, then analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and the Paired Sample t-Test. The results showed no significant relationship between TKPN and TKSI scores (r = -0.153; p = 0.062). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the scores of the two tests, with an average difference of 50.34 points (p < 0.001). The conclusion of this study is that TKPN and TKSI cannot directly replace each other because they measure different aspects of fitness. TKPN focuses on health-related fitness, while TKSI emphasizes skill-related fitness. The implication is that the selection of instruments must be tailored to the specific objectives of physical fitness measurement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lalu Hadid Warsito, Dadang Warta Chandra Wira Kesumah, Lalu Suprawesta, Ali Muhaimin, Johan Irmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analisis Dukungan Keluarga, Motivasi, Minat, dan Self. Efficacy Terhadap Physical Activity
The low level of physical activity among Madrasah Aliyah (MA) students in Central Lombok Regency is a youth health issue that needs to be addressed. Psychosocial factors such as family support, motivation, interest, and self-efficacy are strongly suspected to influence their participation in daily physical activity. This study aims to analyze the relationship and contribution of these four variables to the physical activity of MA students. The method used is quantitative correlational with a purposive sample of 99 students. Data collection uses a validated questionnaire analyzed with Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that family support, motivation, and self-efficacy had a significant positive relationship with physical activity, while interest showed a significant negative correlation. In the regression analysis, only interest and self-efficacy had a significant partial effect, with the regression model explaining 23.7% of the variation in physical activity. The study concluded that self-efficacy is a key factor determining participation in physical activity, while high interest is not actualized into active behavior due to external barriers. The implications of the study emphasize the importance of holistic strategies that combine strengthening self-efficacy with creating a supportive environment to realize interest into real action.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eko Agus Irawan, Edi Kurniawan, Hermansyah, Ali Muhaimin, Dadang Warta Chandra Wira Kesumah, Johan Irmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Body Chest Rig Resistance Band Terhadap Kemampuan Tendangan Sabit Untuk Atlet Pencak Silat Pelajar Usia 15-17 Tahun
Conventional training methods often fail to address these specific biomechanical aspects, resulting in suboptimal performance by athletes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of innovative training using Body Chest Rig Resistance Bands (BCRRB) on improving the speed of crescent kicks in 15-17-year-old pencak silat athletes. The method used was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. A total of 30 athletes were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group, which underwent 16 training sessions with BCRRB, and the control group, which underwent conventional training. Kicking speed ability was measured using a psychomotor test instrument. Statistical analysis results showed a significant average increase in the experimental group, namely 4.00 points (from 17.67 to 21.67). Meanwhile, the control group only experienced an increase of 2.74 points (from 16.53 to 19.27). The independent sample t-test confirmed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study proves that training with BCRRB is significantly more effective in increasing kicking speed than conventional training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramdani Amrullah, Asmutiar, Rajidin, Edi Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Hubungan Penggunaan Sosial Media dengan Oral Health Literacy, Pengetahuan dan Sikap Kesehatan Gigi pada Remaja Pengunjung Poli Gigi
This study aims to analyse the relationship between social media use and Oral Health Literacy (OHL), knowledge, and attitudes about dental health among adolescent dental clinic visitors. The method used was quantitative observational with a cross-sectional design. A total of 102 respondents aged 18-23 years at the Sumberpucung Community Health Centre participated by completing a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data were analysed using Spearman's rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents had moderate to high levels of social media use. Their levels of OHL, knowledge, and attitudes towards dental health were also predominantly good. Statistical analysis proved a positive and significant relationship between social media use and OHL (r=0.865, p=0.000), knowledge (r=0.511, p=0.000), and attitude (r=0.743, p=0.000). In conclusion, the intensity of social media use to seek dental health information has a strong correlation with increased OHL, knowledge, and the formation of positive attitudes among adolescents. These findings support the potential of social media as a strategic dental health education tool for the younger generation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gaiska Mendieta, Ratna Wardani, Joko Prasetyo, Koesnadi, Rahmania Ambarika, Sudarsono, Farizha Irmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Tali Strap Terhadap Smash Atlit Klub Bola Voli Balandai Raya
The problem of low smash accuracy is often experienced by club-level volleyball athletes, including those at Balandai Raya Club, which affects the effectiveness of their attacks. This study aims to analyze the effect of strap training on improving smash accuracy in these club athletes. The method used is a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design with a sample of 10 athletes selected purposively. The training intervention was conducted over 16 sessions with a structured protocol focusing on technique and accuracy. The research instrument was a smash accuracy test with assessment based on target zones. The data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test after ensuring normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homogeneity (Levene test). The results showed a significant improvement with an average pretest score of 13.60 to 16.10 on the posttest. The t-value of 15.000 > t-table 2.262 and significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05) confirmed a positive effect. The conclusion of this study is that strap exercises are effective in improving the accuracy of smashes in Balandai Raya club volleyball athletes and can be used as an affordable and structured alternative training method. The practical implication is that this method is recommended for integration into training programs to improve attack performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muh Farid, Andi Heri Riswanto, Rachmat Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Development of the Android-Based BINA Application as a Learning Medium for Basic Movements in Large Ball Games
Physical education (PJOK) in elementary schools faces significant challenges due to the limited availability of interactive learning media, resulting in low student understanding and interest in the basic movements of ball games. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of the BINA (Belajar Interaktif Nalar Aktif or Active Interactive Learning) application as a valid and practical Android-based learning medium for this topic in elementary schools in the Pekanbaru area. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp model, which is carried out in three main stages: (1) Preliminary Investigation through interviews and observations to analyze needs; (2) Prototype development of an application containing demonstration videos, visual illustrations, and interactive quizzes; and (3) Evaluation, which included validation by experts in the subject matter, media, and language, as well as practical testing by two physical education teachers and 30 sixth-grade students. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed descriptively using SPSS. The results of the study show that the BINA application meets the criteria for high validity. The validation scores from subject matter, media, and language experts were 3.63, 3.62, and 3.62 (scale of 1-4), respectively. In the practicality test, the application was also found to be very practical, with an average score of 3.85 from teachers and 3.73 from students. Teachers found the application easy to integrate into learning, while students greatly appreciated the clarity of the videos and ease of navigation. It was concluded that the BINA application was successfully developed as a valid and practical learning medium to improve the quality of PJOK learning in basic ball games in elementary schools. This application is recommended for wider adoption and further research to test its effectiveness in measuring its impact on improving student learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aref Vai, Ittaqwa Ittaqwa, Fitri Amallya Dzakiy, Agus Sulastio, Ardiah Juita, Rola Angga Lardika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Kelincahan Terhadap Kemampuan Pasing Bawah Atlet Bola Voli Usia 15 Akademi AVBC
Poor underhand passing skills are often found in teenage volleyball players, including those at the AVBC Academy in Malang, presumably due to a lack of agility in positioning the body quickly and accurately. This study aims to analyze the effect of agility training on improving the underhand passing skills of 15-year-old volleyball players. The method used was an experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design on 15 athletes selected by total sampling. The research instrument was a Wall Underhand Passing Test that had been validated by experts. The agility training program was carried out for 6 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week, covering exercises such as shuttle runs, ladder drills, and reaction drills. The results showed an average increase in underhand passing scores from 40.93 (pretest) to 50.07 (posttest) with a difference of 9.14 points. The paired sample t-test statistical test produced a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference. The conclusion of this study is that agility training has a significant effect on improving the underhand passing ability of youth volleyball athletes, so it can be integrated into training programs to improve basic technical skills more effectively and measurably.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Ali Parisi, Achmad Afandi, Tria Muhamad Aris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Digitalisasi, Esport, dan Transformasi Sosial Ekonomi dalam Industri Olahraga Modern
Digitalization has changed the landscape of the sports industry, particularly through the emergence of esports as a global phenomenon that integrates technology, economics, and social interaction. However, this transformation faces complex challenges such as digital literacy gaps, ethical issues surrounding data use, unequal access to technology, and the lack of a comprehensive governance framework. This study aims to analyze the relationship between digitization, social capital, athlete autonomy, and economic strategies in the modern sports industry, as well as to formulate recommendations for sustainable digital governance. The method used is a systematic literature-based synthesis with thematic analysis of 24 selected articles from indexed databases. The results show that esports acts as a catalyst for strengthening social capital and community welfare. AI and blockchain technologies increase athlete autonomy while creating new dependencies on corporate platforms, while interactive communication gives rise to a value co-creation-based engagement economy. The conclusion of this study confirms that the digital transformation of sports is multidimensional and interrelated. Its sustainability requires inclusive digital governance, regulations that protect digital rights.
Copyright (c) 2025 Guntur Ratih Prestifa Herdinata, Aristiyanto, Fredy Eko Setiawan, Amin Pujiati, Muhammad Syaleh, Hariadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Alat Bantu Rocket Spin Terhadap Pukulan Forehand Pada Permainan Tenis Meja
The main problem in this study was the low forehand stroke ability, particularly in terms of accuracy, consistency, and spin quality, among table tennis extracurricular students at SMAN 4 Luwu. This was due to a lack of variety and intensity in focused training. This study aimed to examine the effect of using a specific training aid, namely Rocket Spin, on improving forehand stroke ability. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 10 students selected purposively. Forehand skills were measured using a standardized test instrument that assessed four aspects: accuracy, consistency, spin quality, and speed and power. The intervention, which consisted of training using Rocket Spin, was conducted in 8 sessions. The results of the Paired Sample T-Test statistical analysis showed a very significant increase (p = 0.000), with the average score rising from 59.25 (fair category) to 78.13 (good category). The conclusion of this study proves that the Rocket Spin tool is effective and significant in improving students' forehand skills, particularly in generating spin and technical consistency. This tool is recommended as an innovative training medium that can be integrated into table tennis coaching programs at the school level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Faisal, Rachmat Hidayat, Jusriati, A. Heri Riswanto, Ahmad Syarif Burhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Drill Terhadap Keterampilan Shooting Bola Basket pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 1 Palopo
The problem of low shooting skills in the extracurricular basketball program at Palopo State High School 1 hinders the team's performance at the competition level. This study aims to determine the effect of drill training on improving students' basketball shooting skills. The method used is quantitative with a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. A sample of 10 students was selected using purposive sampling based on a minimum of one year of training experience. The intervention consisted of a structured drill training program (including spot shooting, move and shoot, and pressure shooting) conducted over 16 sessions. Data were collected through a 60-second shooting test instrument and analyzed using a paired sample t-test with the help of SPSS version 27. The results showed a significant improvement in shooting ability, as indicated by an increase in the average score from 9.30 on the pretest to 15.30 on the posttest. The hypothesis test value obtained a significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of the study proves that drill training has a significant and effective influence on improving basketball shooting skills. These findings emphasize the importance of repetitive, measurable, and progressive training programs in the context of sports training in schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Julyfar Afandi, Saman S, Rachmat Hidayat, A Heri Riswanto, Fajri Hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Dampak Ekonomi Kegiatan Olahraga Rekreasi terhadap Ekonomi Lokal dan Sektor Pariwisata: Case Study at Semarang Regency
The economic potential of recreational sports in local destinations in Indonesia has often not been comprehensively studied, resulting in suboptimal development and the risk of unequal benefits and environmental pressure. This study aims to analyze the economic impact of recreational sports activities on the local economy and tourism sector in Semarang Regency, as well as to formulate evidence-based policy recommendations. The research method uses a mixed methods approach with a survey of 385 respondents (tourists, business actors, community members) and in-depth interviews with 15 key informants. Data analysis was conducted using economic impact analysis and thematic analysis. The results of the study show that the total economic impact reaches IDR 88.45 billion per year with a multiplier effect of 1.87, as well as creating 2,340 jobs. The MSME sector was the main beneficiary, with 78% of business actors reporting an increase in income. However, 64% of the community expressed concerns about environmental degradation. It was concluded that recreational sports are a significant driver of inclusive economic growth, but their sustainability depends on management that is able to balance economic growth, equitable distribution of benefits, and environmental preservation through integrated and participatory policies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aristiyanto, Amin Pujiati, Guntur R. P. Herdinata, Dixon E. M. Taek Bete, Fredy Eko Setiawan, Muhammad Syaleh, Ika Nilawati, Satria Avianda Nurcahyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Peran Guru Pendidikan Jasmani dalam Membangun Mental Peserta Didik di SDN 99 Pongrakka
This study was motivated by the issue of low mental development among students despite the efforts of physical education teachers to instill character values through learning. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the role of physical education teachers and the mental development of students at SDN 99 Pongrakka. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a correlational approach. The research sample consisted of 27 fifth-grade students selected using a saturated sampling method. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation test. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the role of PJOK teachers and students' mental development, with a correlation coefficient of -0.115 and a significance value of 0.567 (p > 0.05). Although descriptively both variables were in the high category, the statistical relationship between the two was not proven. The conclusion of the study indicates that students' mental development is influenced by multidimensional factors beyond the role of physical education teachers, such as family environment, social conditions, and other support systems. The implication is that a more holistic and collaborative approach is needed to optimize the role of physical education in the mental development of students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Astin Arini, Irsan Kahar, Nasriandi, Rachmat Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Studi Tentang Pemahaman Bahaya Narkoba pada Siswa SMK Negeri 4 Palopo
This study was motivated by the high vulnerability of adolescents to drug abuse, including among vocational high school students. The objective was to analyze the level of understanding of the dangers of drugs among students at SMK Negeri 4 Palopo, focusing on four dimensions of impact: self, family, school, and community, nation, and state. The method used was a quantitative descriptive survey with a sample of 60 students selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, then analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS 22. The results showed that overall, 73% of students had a very high level of understanding (average score of 112.30). However, there were significant variations between dimensions: the highest level of understanding was for the impact on oneself (82% very high), followed by family (73%), community/nation (72%), and the lowest was for the impact on school (50% very high). The conclusion of this study is that although students' understanding is generally high, the educational approach so far tends to be more effective in conveying individual dangers than collective and institutional impacts. These findings indicate the need to develop a more comprehensive prevention program that balances personal aspects with social responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ilmal, Irsan Kahar, Ahmad Syarif Burhan, Rasyidah Jalil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pemanfaatan Pembelajaran Berbasis Olahraga Tradisional Sebagai Pendekatan Inklusif dalam Pendidikan Siswa dengan Beragam Kemampuan
The implementation of inclusive education in Mataram City faces challenges, particularly the lack of teaching methods that can accommodate diverse student abilities, which hampers social interaction and active participation. This study aims to: (1) identify traditional sports suitable for inclusive education principles, (2) develop a learning model based on modified traditional sports, and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of the model in improving students' motor skills and social interaction. This research applies a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, involving expert validation, small-scale (n=20), and large-scale (n=40) field trials in an inclusive elementary school. The results show that the developed model, featuring modified games such as Jemprak/Engklek and sack racing in relay format, is highly effective. Observation scores for motor skills including balance, agility, and coordination reached above 95%, while student questionnaire responses indicated over 90% positive reception. The model was also validated as "very good" by experts (average score 4.5/5). In conclusion, modified traditional sports-based learning proves feasible and effective in fostering motor development and inclusive participation in primary education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasbi, Lilik Evitamala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Kesiapan Guru PJOK SD dalam Integrasi Teknologi pada Pendekatan Deep Learning (Versi Mendikdasmen) Model TPACK
The integration of technology in elementary school physical education learning through a deep learning approach still faces challenges, especially regarding teachers' readiness to master technology, pedagogy, and content in an integrated manner. This study aims to describe the readiness of elementary school PJOK teachers in integrating technology based on the TPACK framework, and analyze the direct and indirect effects of factors in the TPACK model on this readiness. This quantitative research using a survey approach involved all 57 teacher. Data were collected using a TPACK questionnaire (36 items, Likert scale 1-4) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and SEM-PLS using R software. The results showed that 77% of teachers were in the ready to very ready category, but 23% were still not ready. SEM-PLS analysis revealed that Pedagogical Knowledge had the strongest influence on Pedagogical Content Knowledge (β=0.542), while Technological Knowledge had no significant influence on Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (β=0.022). The formation of TPACK was most influenced by the integration of technology and pedagogy (β=0.348) and technology and content (β=0.265). The conclusion of this study emphasizes that teachers' TPACK competence is more determined by the holistic integration of technology, pedagogy, and content, rather than mastery of each aspect separately.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lalu Hasan Ashari, Herlina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Sports Tourism and Its Impact on the Local Economy in Semarang Regency
Semarang Regency needs an economic recovery strategy following the 2018 earthquake and the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a 70% decline in tourist visits, with the potential for sports tourism yet to be comprehensively assessed. This study aims to identify types of light sports tourism, analyze their economic impact, and reveal the mechanisms and factors of their sustainability in Semarang Regency. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with 15 informants, and document studies. Qualitative data analysis used the Miles-Huberman model, while quantitative data was tested with a paired t-test. Three types of sports tourism dominate: trail running, road cycling, and mountain biking, which take advantage of the area's topography (300-1,200 meters above sea level). The economic impact showed significant increases: community income rose by 160% (p=0.002), SME income rose by 85.7% (p=0.015), accommodation occupancy rose by 113% (p=0.001), and equipment rental rose by 37.3% (p=0.028). The main mechanisms involved tiered community participation and digital promotion. Light sports tourism proved to be effective as a driver of inclusive post-disaster economic recovery in Semarang Regency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fredy Eko Setiawan, Aristiyanto, Guntur R P Herdinata, Amin Pujiati, Dixon EM Taek Bete, Muhammad Syaleh, Yusuf Panjiantariksa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Perbandingan Notasi Pertandingan Bulutangkis Nomor Tunggal Putra pada Final Olimpiade Beijing 2020 dan Paris 2024
This This study aims to examine the notation of men's singles badminton matches at the 2020 Beijing and 2024 Paris Olympics. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population and sample used consisted of all players competing in the men's singles final. The results of this study indicate that the increase in the use of attacking techniques in Paris 2024 is directly related to the shorter match duration compared to Beijing 2020. The higher speed of play at the 2024 Paris Olympics requires players to maintain better stamina and physical endurance. Overall, the comparison of match notation at the 2020 Beijing and 2024 Paris Olympics provides a clear picture of the evolution of men's singles badminton techniques and strategies. Overall, the change in playing patterns from the 2020 Beijing Olympics to the 2024 Paris Olympics reflects a shift in the style of play of men's singles badminton. The conclusion of this study shows that there are significant differences in the playing patterns of men's singles badminton between the 2020 Beijing and 2024 Paris Olympics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Angga Indra Kusuma, I Gedhe Dharma Utamayasa, Muhammad, Finsensius Mbabho, Ismawandi Bripandika Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Efektivitas Metode Interval Training dan Sprint Repetition Terhadap Vo₂Max Pemain Futsal
Futsal requires high aerobic capacity (VO₂Max) as the foundation for endurance and repeated performance. However, there is a practical dilemma for coaches in choosing the most effective and efficient training method to increase VO₂Max, between Interval Training (IT) and Sprint Repetition (SR), given that direct comparative evidence in the context of futsal is still limited. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of these two methods in improving the VO₂Max of futsal players. The method used was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design with 30 university futsal players divided into three groups: IT, SR, and control. The training intervention was conducted for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week, and VO₂Max was measured using the 20-Meter Shuttle Run Test. The results showed that both IT and SR significantly increased VO₂Max (by 13.5% and 10.5%, respectively), while the control group did not experience a significant increase. Further comparative analysis revealed that IT provided a statistically higher increase in VO₂Max compared to SR. The conclusion of this study confirms the superiority of IT over SR in improving the aerobic capacity of futsal players, presumably due to the accumulation of training time in the high-intensity zone for a longer period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramadhany Hananto Puriana, Riga Mardhika, I Gede Dharma Utamayasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Upaya Meningkatkan Teknik Dasar Long Service Bulutangkis dengan Menggunakan Metode Drill
The problem in this study is the low mastery of basic long service badminton techniques among 11th grade TKJ B students at SMKN 2 Palopo. Initial observations showed that out of 31 students, only 10 students (32%) were able to perform the techniques correctly, with an average score of 64, which is far below the Minimum Passing Grade (KKM) of 75. The purpose of this study was to improve badminton long service techniques through the application of the drill method. The study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, which was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were all 31 students in class XI TKJ B. Data were collected through process observation, performance tests, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results showed a significant improvement: the learning mastery percentage increased from 32% (initial condition) to 61% in cycle I, and jumped to 90% in cycle II. The average skill score also rose from 64 to 85. In addition to psychomotor aspects, there was an increase in affective aspects such as self-confidence, discipline, and active student participation. The conclusion of this study proves that the drill method is effective in significantly improving badminton long service techniques and is capable of improving the quality of the physical education learning process for vocational high school students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Resa Silalong, Irsan Kahar, Nurdin, Rachmat Hidayat, A. Heri Riswanto, Fajri hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Development of a Kids Athletics Training Model to Improve Motor Skills in Children Aged 7–8 Years
The low level of motor skills among elementary school children in Indonesia is a major concern, especially during the critical developmental phase of ages 7-8. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the increase in sedentary lifestyles due to technology and the lack of attractive, structured physical activities that are in line with child development principles. The implementation of existing kids athletics programs tends to be unsystematic and fails to accommodate the aspects of happiness and active participation. Therefore, this study aims to develop an effective, enjoyable, and structured kids athletics training model to improve the motor skills of 7-8-year-old children. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) by adopting the Borg and Gall model, involving 30 students from SDN 1 Sukoharjo 2 as research subjects. The development process includes the stages of needs analysis, product design, expert validation by three experts (learning, athletics, and coaching experts), and gradual field trials (small and large scale). The final model consists of six game activities divided into three categories of basic athletic movements: running (obstacle course and agility ladder), throwing (turbo throw and accuracy throw), and jumping (precision jump and agility ladder jump). Expert validation results showed a very high level of feasibility with an average score of 94.89%. Field trials on a small and large scale obtained feasibility percentages of 92.67% and 94.58%, respectively. Pretest-posttest results showed a significant improvement in students' motor skills, with the average score rising from 1.7 to 3.17. A dependent t-test confirmed a significant effect (t = 11.406 > t_table 2.042; p = 0.001 < 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that the developed kids athletics training model is proven to be effective, feasible, and enjoyable for improving the motor skills of 7-8-year-old children. This model not only successfully integrates child athletics pedagogical principles centered on students but also provides practical contributions as an innovative alternative in physical education learning in elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Felinda Sari, Ziko Fajar Ramadhan, Fadlu Rachman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Permainan dalam Pembelajaran PJOK Sekolah Dasar Usia 7-10 Tahun
This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of a game-based PJOK learning model in improving gross motor skills of second-grade students at SDN Kemanggisan 08 Pagi. The method used is Research and Development with the ADDIE model which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were 30 second-grade students with data obtained through observation, gross motor tests, and questionnaires. Based on the results of the statistical test analysis above, a significant difference in values ​​was obtained from the initial test and the final test of the Development of Game-Based Learning Models in Elementary School PJOK Learning for 7-10 Years Old. This is evidenced by the calculated t value of 6.406 which is greater than the t table of 2.042 (6.046 > 2.042) and a significance value of 0.001 <α = 0.05. Thus, H₀ is rejected and H₁ is accepted, which means there is a difference in influence because the research results are statistically significant from the calculation results above, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the Development of Game-Based Learning Models in Elementary School Physical Education Learning for 7-10 Years Old. Game-based learning models create active, interactive, and effective learning, so they are relevant to be implemented in Physical Education in elementary schools. This model can be an alternative to increase student motivation and participation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hisam Subekhi, Ruslan Abdul Gani, Resty Gustiawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Functional Training Terhadap Kapasitas Otot Lengan, Torso dan Tungkai pada Atlet Tolak Peluru
Shot put is a sport that relies on explosive strength and energy transfer through the kinetic chain. However, conventional training approaches that focus on isolated muscle strengthening are often ineffective because they do not resemble the multidimensional movement patterns seen in competition. This study aims to analyze the effect of a functional training program on increasing lean muscle mass in the arms, torso, and legs of shot put athletes. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a one-group pre-test post-test design. A total of 16 male athletes participated in a structured functional training program for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. Lean muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) with a strict protocol. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and Cohen's d. The results showed a significant increase in lean muscle mass in all three areas: arms increased by 1.36% (p < 0.001; d = 3.111), torso by 0.60% (p < 0.001; d = 3.361), and legs by 0.68% (p < 0.001; d = 3.525). The highest absolute increase occurred in the torso (0.192 kg). The conclusion of this study is that a periodization-based functional training program effectively increases lean muscle mass significantly in shot put athletes, with a very large practical impact (large effect size).
Copyright (c) 2025 Ardiansyah, A. Rusdiana, D. Budiana, Y. Sunaryadi, D. F. Anggara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Effectiveness of Educational Game-Based Physical Education Learning on the Development of Elementary School Students' Physical Literacy: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Background physical literacy is a fundamental concept in modern physical education, encompassing physical, cognitive, affective, and social competencies. Despite its recognized significance, conventional teacher-centered methodologies in Indonesian elementary schools often do not foster holistic physical literacy in students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of educational game-based physical education in fostering physical literacy development among elementary school students, as contrasted with traditional teaching approaches. Approach: A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used with 60 third-grade elementary school students (aged 8-9 years) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Participants were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (n = 30) receiving educational game-based training or a control group (n=30) receiving traditional teaching methods. The 12-week intervention was implemented through collaborative teaching between university students and school educators. Primary objectives included physical literacy knowledge, learning intentions, and basic motor skills, as assessed by a validated instrument demonstrating strong reliability (α > 0.80). Results: Significant inter-group differences were observed after the intervention for all assessed variables. The experimental group showed significant improvement in physical literacy scores (78.4 ± 6.9 vs. 62.1 ± 8.4, p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.16), learning motivation (67.8 ± 5.6 vs. 54.3 ± 7.1, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.10), and motor skills (12.8 ± 1.4 vs. 9.7 ± 1.9, p = 0.002, Cohen's d = 1.86). Conclusion The implementation of game-based physical education significantly improved the development of physical literacy of elementary school students compared to traditional methods, thus supporting the integration of game-based pedagogy in elementary physical education in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulaiman, Galih Priyambada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Terstruktur Terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Renang Gaya Bebas
Freestyle swimming skills are a mandatory competency for Physical Education students, but many still experience obstacles such as unstreamlined body position, irregular breathing, and poor movement coordination, often caused by a conventional learning approach that lacks structure. This study aims to analyze the effect of structured learning methods on improving students' freestyle swimming skills. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample consisted of 30 students divided into an experimental group (receiving structured learning for 16 sessions) and a control group (conventional learning). Skills were measured using the JRT freestyle swimming test (JRT-FST). The results of the analysis showed that the experimental group experienced a very significant increase in average technique scores of 21.27 points, while the control group only increased by 3.93 points. An independent t-test confirmed a very significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.000). It was concluded that the structured learning method was significantly more effective in improving freestyle swimming skills than the conventional method.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ruslan Abdul Gani, Oman Unju Subandi, Irfan Zinat Achmad, Rekha Ratri Julianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Outcome Based Education untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Lulusan pada Mata Kuliah Metode Melatih Teknik & Taktik Tenis Lapangan
Many coaches come from non-formal backgrounds with limited methodological understanding, which has an impact on the stagnation of athletes' achievements. This study aims to develop teaching materials based on Outcome Based Education (OBE) for the course Methods of Coaching Tennis Techniques & Tactics in order to improve the competence of prospective coaches. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method by integrating the Borg & Gall and Dick & Carey models, involving 84 students and 4 experts as validators. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, tests, and validation sheets, then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Expert validation results showed that the teaching materials were 90.65% feasible (highly valid), user response was 98.4% (very interesting), and effectiveness tests showed a significant increase in learning outcomes (p < 0.001) with a large effect (Cohen's d = 2.35). The research conclusion shows that the OBE-based teaching materials developed are proven to be valid, interesting, and effective in improving students' conceptual understanding and practical skills, thereby having the potential to improve the quality of graduates of sports coaching study programs, especially tennis, and support the improvement of Indonesian tennis achievements at the national and international levels.
Copyright (c) 2025 David Siahaan, Yan Indra Siregar, Pangondian Hotliber Purba, Manotar Sinaga, Mawardinur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Studi Tentang Efektivitas Metode Pembelajaran Square Terhadap Peningkatan Daya Tahan Aerobik untuk Mencegah Cedera dan Mengembangkan Teknik Dasar Bola Voli
This study was motivated by the high risk of injury among students due to low aerobic endurance in sports activities such as volleyball, where early fatigue can reduce technique and increase the potential for injury. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the square training method in improving the aerobic endurance of students at Blora State High School 1 in order to support injury prevention and the development of basic volleyball techniques. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 30 eleventh-grade students who were randomly divided into an experimental group (receiving square training for 6 weeks, 3 times per week) and a control group (routine activities). Aerobic endurance was measured using the Cooper 12-minute run test. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed a significant increase in the experimental group, with an average distance increase of 0.44 km (from 1.88 km to 2.32 km), while the control group only increased by 0.01 km (from 1.89 km to 1.90 km). The t-test results showed a significant difference (p = 0.000). In conclusion, the square training method is effective in improving students' aerobic endurance and can be recommended as part of a physical education program to support performance and mitigate injuries in volleyball.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isnaen Diaz Recoba, Agung Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Implementasi Pembelajaran Sosial Emosional Berbasis Mindfulness dalam Pembelajaran PJOK
The integration of mindfulness-based social emotional learning is a relevant innovation to overcome various challenges, such as low learning motivation, lack of concentration, and weak control of students' emotions. This research aims to integrate mindfulness-based social emotional learning in Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) learning in order to improve student learning achievement at SMAN 2 Cikarang Barat, Bekasi Regency. A qualitative approach was used with descriptive methods to explore the application of this program in the school environment. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation from students, teachers and school officials. The research results show that the integration of mindfulness-based social emotional learning can increase students' concentration, emotional control and motivation in learning PJOK. Apart from that, this approach also creates a more inclusive learning atmosphere and supports the development of students' positive character. This research concludes that mindfulness-based learning can be an effective innovation in improving student learning achievement, especially in the field of Physical Education. It is hoped that these findings can become a reference for curriculum development that focuses more on the balance between students' academic and emotional aspects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nanang Garniwa, Rolly Afrinaldi, Resty Gustiawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Permainan Target Terhadap Ketepatan Shooting pada Ekstrakurikuler Futsal SMPN 2 Kota Bekasi
The main problem in the futsal extracurricular activity at SMP Negeri 2 Kota Bekasi is the low shooting accuracy of students due to monotonous training methods. This study aims to analyze the effect of applying target games on improving shooting accuracy. The method used is a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design with a sample of 20 male students. The intervention consisted of four variations of target games (Target Zone, Moving Target, Pressure Shooting, Competitive Target Score) conducted over 6 weeks (16 sessions). Shooting accuracy data was measured using a shooting accuracy test to the goal zone and analyzed using a Paired Sample t-test and Cohen's d for effect size. The results showed an average score increase of 12.15 points, from 32.45 (pretest) to 44.60 (posttest). Statistical tests proved a very significant difference (p = 0.000). The magnitude of the intervention's effect was very large (d = 2.43). The conclusion of this study is that target games significantly and effectively improve the shooting accuracy of junior high school students. These findings recommend the integration of game-based methods into school training programs to create more interesting, contextual, and effective motor skill learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Azzka Rafa Syach, Rahmat Iqbal, Asep Suherman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Discovery Learning Model Terhadap Keterampilan Gerak Dasar Sepakbola
This research aimed to assess the impact of the discovery learning model on the fundamental movement skills of football students in grade X at SMA Negeri 1 Telagasari. In this research, the writer employed a quantitative method. This research was carried out at SMA Negeri 1 Telagasari, choosing one class as a sample, specifically class X.5, consisting of 41 respondents from a total population of 497 in grade X. The sampling method applied in this study was cluster random sampling. The study employed a pre-experimental design featuring a one-group pretest-posttest approach. This study consisted of three phases: pretest, intervention, and posttest. This study employed a fundamental movement skills football testing tool. The findings of this research indicated a notable rise in the average scores before and after treatment, with an average pretest score of 58.11 and a posttest average of 77.26. The findings from the Paired Sample T-Test hypothesis testing based on the data collected in this study revealed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, denoting a notable effect between the mean pre-treatment and post-treatment scores. It can be concluded that applying the Discovery Learning Model notably enhanced basic football movement skills in football education for tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Telagasari
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Ardi Fahturahman, Dikdik Fauzi Dermawan, Akhmad Dimyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Efektivitas Aktivitas Permainan Tradisional dalam Mengembangkan Kecakapan Hidup Sosial Siswa
The increasing use of gadgets and the decline in direct social interaction have led to a decrease in cooperation, communication, and social-emotional skills among adolescents, which has become a critical issue in character education. This study aims to test the effectiveness of a structured traditional game intervention program in developing the social life skills of high school students. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 30 students participated in the intervention for 16 sessions involving traditional Indonesian games (gobak sodor, bentengan, engklek, galasin) combined with guided reflection to facilitate skill transfer. Measurements were taken using the Life Skills Scale for Sport, which covers eight dimensions of life skills. Data analysis was performed using a paired sample t-test and effect size calculation (Cohen's d). The results showed a significant increase in the total social life skills score (p < 0.001) with a very large effect size (d = 1.51). The highest increase occurred in the dimensions of teamwork (+2.7 points) and leadership (+1.5 points). The conclusion of this study proves that pedagogically designed traditional games not only function as recreational activities but are also effective, contextual, and culture-based learning media for strengthening the social-emotional competencies of adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sani Gunawan, Herman Subarjah, Berliana, Amung Ma’mun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analisis Peran Guru Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa Pendidikan Jasmani
The main problem in this study is the low interest and participation of students in Physical Education at SDN 101 Salu Simbuang, which is characterized by the tendency of students to be passive and unenthusiastic during learning activities. This study aims to analyze the extent to which teachers contribute to increasing students' interest in learning PJOK subjects in rural elementary schools. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research sample consisted of 10 fifth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using a closed questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, while data analysis used simple linear regression with the help of the SPSS 26 program. The results showed that the role of teachers contributed significantly by 62.3% (R² = 0.623) to students' interest in learning, with a positive regression coefficient of 0.789 and a significance value of 0.007 (< 0.05). The conclusion of the study confirms that the role of teachers has a strong and positive influence on students' interest in learning, especially in the context of PJOK learning in elementary schools with limited facilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nasyrah Luba, Irsan Kahar, Saman, Rachmat Hidayat, Rasyidah Jalil, Ahmad Syarif Burhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Permainan Tradisional dalam Mengembangkan Aktivitas Fisik, Kecerdasan Sosial, dan Emosional: Analisis pada Komunitas Permainan Tradisional
Digital developments have reduced physical activity and social interaction among adolescents, resulting in sedentary lifestyles and challenges in regulating emotions. This study aims to analyze the influence of traditional games on the physical activity, social intelligence, and emotional intelligence of adolescents in cultural communities in Malang City. The method used a mixed-methods design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach on 30 members of the KUAT Community. The structured traditional games intervention was carried out over 8 weeks. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Spearman's correlation, and linear regression; qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results showed a significant increase in all three variables (p=0.000). Physical activity increased from 45.90 to 87.93; social intelligence from 56.73 to 87.07; and emotional intelligence from 57.73 to 87.90. A strong correlation was found between variables (ρ=0.65–0.78). Physical activity predicted a 54.8% increase in social intelligence and a 42.0% increase in emotional intelligence. Qualitative data revealed learning mechanisms through direct interaction and group dynamics. Conclusion Traditional games in cultural communities are effective as holistic interventions that simultaneously improve the physical, social, and emotional aspects of adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Budiono, Dian Fitri Anggraini, Ahmad Junaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Improving Motor Skills through Athletics: A Case Study of High School Students in Sumedang
The problem in this study is that the integration of athletics into the physical education curriculum in Indonesia, especially in areas such as Sumedang Regency, is often hampered by limited facilities and infrastructure. This has the potential to hinder the effective development of basic motor skills in high school students, which are the foundation for physical literacy and an active lifestyle. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a structured athletics training program on improving the motor skills of high school students in Sumedang Regency. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest model. A total of 60 students (30 males, 30 females) aged 15-17 years from three high schools participated. Motor skills were assessed through a 30-meter sprint, standing long jump, and 2 kg medicine ball throw tests. Participants undergo an athletic training program for 6 weeks (3 sessions/week). The data were analyzed using a Paired Samples t-test. The results showed a very significant improvement (p < 0.001) in all three skill components. The average sprint time decreased from 5.87 to 5.41 seconds, the jump distance increased from 1.85 to 2.05 meters, and the throw distance increased from 4.12 to 4.56 meters. The effect size for all results was classified as large. The conclusion is that a structured athletic training program has been proven effective in improving the motor skills of high school students, even under limited facility conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Angga Nugraha, Subarna, Qays Banwan Shareef, Dilli Dwi Kuswoyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Hubungan Antara IMT, Panjang Tungkai dan Daya Ledak Otot Tungkai dengan Kemampuan Gerak Kids Atletik Nomor Loncat Katak
There have not been many studies that comprehensively analyze the combined role of Body Mass Index, leg length, and leg muscle explosive power on this specific ability in elementary school children. This study aims to analyze the relationship between BMI, leg length, and leg muscle explosive power with the movement ability of kids' athletics in the frog jump event. The method used was quantitative correlational with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 45 sixth-grade students from SDN Jombang II, selected using total sampling technique. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements (weight, height, leg length) and physical tests (standing broad jump and frog jump), then analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that, partially, the three variables had a significant positive relationship with frog jumping (r BMI=0.678; r leg length=0.767; r explosive power=0.720). Simultaneously, the three variables had a very strong (R=0.878) and significant relationship, and were able to explain 77.1% of the variance in frog jump ability (R²=0.771). The largest effective contribution was made by leg length (35.51%), followed by explosive power (30.53%), and IMT (11.05%). It was concluded that these three factors together greatly determine frog jump ability, with leg length as the main contributor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alifiansyah Dharma Asram, Siti Nurrochmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional Engrang Batok Kelapa Terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak
The main problem in this study was the low gross motor skills of children in Group B2 at Cendekia Tadulako Kindergarten, particularly in terms of leg muscle strength, balance, and walking speed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of playing the traditional coconut shell game on improving children's gross motor skills in these three aspects. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 10 children selected through saturation sampling. Data were collected through observation using validated instruments and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a significant improvement. The percentage of children in the Very Good Development (VGD) category increased from 0% to 90% for leg muscle strength, from 0% to 50% for balance, and from 0% to 40% for walking speed. The average gross motor score rose from 5.70 to 10.20. Statistical tests produced a significance value of 0.005 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study proves that the traditional coconut shell engrang game is effective and significant in improving the gross motor skills of early childhood, so it is recommended as a contextual learning medium in the PAUD curriculum.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reski Aulia, Didik Purwanto, Amrullah, Andi Agusniatih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani dengan Hasil Belajar PJOK
The success of physical education learning does not only depend on pedagogical factors, but also on the physical condition of students. However, the relative contribution between nutritional status (in Body Mass Index) and physical fitness levels to physical education learning outcomes has not been quantitatively measured in the specific context of schools with adequate facilities, such as at SMP Negeri 2 Jabung. This study aims to analyze the relationship and measure the effective contribution of BMI and physical fitness to the PJOK learning outcomes of eighth-grade students. This quantitative study uses a correlational design involving 42 male students as samples (purposive proportional random sampling technique). BMI data were obtained from anthropometric measurements, physical fitness was measured using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKSI), and learning outcomes were taken from report card scores. Data analysis used Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. The results of this study found a significant positive relationship between BMI (r=0.418) and physical fitness (r=0.787) with PJOK learning outcomes. Regression analysis showed that both variables together contributed effectively by 66.4%, with physical fitness as the dominant contributor (effective contribution of 57.2%; relative contribution of 86.2%). Conclusion: Physical fitness is a key factor that determines PJOK learning outcomes more than BMI in students at SMP Negeri 2 Jabung.
Copyright (c) 2025 Izzudin Nafi’an Syah Kayril, Siti Nurrochmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Efektivitas Kombinasi Terapi Komplementer Diaphragmatic Breathing dan Walking Exercise Terhadap Arus Puncak Ekspirasi Pasien PPOK
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a global health problem that causes a decline in lung function and quality of life. Pharmacological therapy alone is often insufficient to improve patients' functional capacity, while comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs are difficult to access in primary health care. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combining complementary diaphragmatic breathing therapy and walking exercise on improving peak expiratory flow (PEF) in stable COPD patients. The research method used a quasi-experimental pre-posttest design with a control group. A sample of 40 patients was divided into an intervention group (n=20) who received combination therapy for 2 weeks (6 sessions/week) and a control group (n=20) who only received standard therapy. PEF was measured using a peak flow meter before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant increase in PEF in the intervention group from 215.31 ± 16.72 to 301.52 ± 19.40 L/min (p=0.0001), while the control group only increased from 201.64 ± 12.14 to 221.62 ± 11.54 L/min. The increase in the intervention group was significantly greater than that in the control group (mean difference 66.23 L/min; p=0.0001). The study concluded that the combination of diaphragmatic breathing and walking exercise effectively improves lung function in COPD patients and can be used as a practical intervention in primary health care facilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Laily Widya Astuti, Brilyan Anindya Dayfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Integrasi Gaya Mengajar Practice Style dan Physical Literacy untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Fisik Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Low physical activity among elementary school children has become a critical public health issue, exacerbated by sedentary lifestyles and rising obesity rates. Conventional physical education is considered ineffective in fostering sustainable active habits. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of integrating the Practice Style teaching method with the concept of Physical Literacy in increasing students' physical activity. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 100 third- and fourth-grade students from SD Negeri 5 Sungai Ulin, divided into an experimental group (receiving integrated learning) and a control group (conventional learning). The intervention lasted 8 weeks. Physical activity data were collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and analyzed using t-tests and effect size calculations. The results showed a very significant increase in the experimental group (average increase of 8.36 points; p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.21), while the control group did not experience any significant changes. The conclusion of the study proves that the integration of Practice Style and Physical Literacy is significantly more effective in increasing students' physical activity than the conventional approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syamsul Arifin, Herita Warni, Mashud, Rian Kurnia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Legal Protection of the Rights of Regional Athletes During the Post-Career Period: A Socio-Legal Study in East Kalimantan Province
Problems in this research: Despite being normatively guaranteed by Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports, the implementation of legal protection for athletes' rights during the post-career period at the regional level still faces significant challenges. This study examines the gap between the legal framework and empirical reality in East Kalimantan Province, focusing on the effectiveness of social security and welfare for retired athletes. This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection for post-career athletes in East Kalimantan, identify inhibiting factors, and formulate contextual policy recommendations to strengthen the athlete social protection system. The research method uses a socio-legal approach with a qualitative case study design. Data were collected through analysis of legal documents (Law No. 11/2022, Law No. 24/2011, East Kalimantan Regional Regulation No. 5/2016), in-depth interviews with five retired athletes and eight institutional informants (Dispora, KONI, legal practitioners), and field observations. Data were analyzed thematically to integrate normative and empirical findings. The findings reveal systemic failures in implementation. The ambitious legal framework is not accompanied by operational mechanisms at the regional level. Institutional fragmentation between the Youth and Sports Agency (Dispora), the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI), and the Social Security Agency (BPJS) has created a vacuum of responsibility, shifting the legal rights paradigm to incidental charitable assistance. Low legal literacy among athletes and the absence of a unified database further exacerbate this situation. This study concludes that legal protection for post-career athletes in East Kalimantan remains theoretical and ineffective. Comprehensive reforms are needed, including revisions to regional regulations, the establishment of strong institutional coordination mechanisms, and legal empowerment programs for athletes to transform normative rights into accessible realities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Rohadi, Rahmat, Andi Temmassonge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Explanation of the Importance of Trainer Instructions in Training Programs
Background Coaches play a crucial role in guiding athletes to reach their full potential through effective communication and instruction. The quality and clarity of coach instruction significantly impact athletes' understanding of the training program, their motivation, and overall performance outcomes. Objectives This study aimed to explore the importance of coach instruction in training programs and examine how instructional strategies contribute to athletes' achievement of training goals. This study also identified key factors influencing the effectiveness of coach instruction, including the ability to convey information clearly, provide individualized guidance, and enhance athlete motivation. Methods This study used a quantitative descriptive design by collecting and analyzing descriptive data. A total of 146 athletes participated in this study. Data were obtained using a questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. A quantitative descriptive method was used to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of coach instruction and to describe patterns and trends in the collected data. Results The findings showed that 62.5% of athletes agreed and 31.3% strongly agreed that the coach successfully delivered the training program, while 6.3% disagreed and none strongly disagreed. Similarly, regarding the coach's delivery of instructions, 62.5% agreed, 31.3% strongly agreed, 6.3% disagreed, and 0% strongly disagreed. However, when the coach gave very strict instructions, 37.5% agreed, 12.5% ​​strongly agreed, 43.8% disagreed, and 6.3% strongly disagreed, indicating mixed perceptions of an overly rigid coaching style. Research shows that clear and supportive coaching instructions have a positive impact on athlete performance and motivation. However, overly strict coaching instructions can reduce athlete effectiveness and satisfaction. Coaches must balance firmness and encouragement to optimize training outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmat, Andi Temmassonge, Muhamad Rohadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Resistance Band dan Skiping Terhadap Kemampuan Smash Bola Voli
The low smash ability of junior high school volleyball players is often caused by a lack of training that integrates upper and lower body muscle strengthening simultaneously. This study aims to analyze the effect of a combination of resistance band and skipping exercises on improving volleyball smash ability in the team of SMP Negeri 6 Kota Palopo. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design on 12 male players. The training intervention was conducted for 16 days with a frequency of six sessions per week, which included resistance band training to increase arm, shoulder, and core strength, as well as skipping training to develop explosive power and leg muscle coordination. Data were collected through smash tests before and after the treatment, then analyzed using a paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant improvement in smash ability, with the pretest average score of 14.58 increasing to 18.58 in the posttest (p = 0.000). It was concluded that the combination of resistance band and skipping exercises effectively improved smash ability by optimizing hitting power and jump quality. These findings provide a practical and affordable alternative training model for application in school-level volleyball training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oxadelva Nandia Djody, Irsan Kahar, Suaib Nur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/