Porkes Journal is dedicated to the exchange of high quality research results in all aspects of Sport education (Physical Education Health and Recreation). The journal publishes advanced articles in basic theory, experiments and simulations, and applications, with systematically proposed methods, adequate reviews of previous works, comprehensive discussions, and concise conclusions. As our commitment to the advancement of science and technology, the languages used in this journal are Indonesian and English (preferred). Porkes Journal follows an open access policy that allows published articles to be freely available online without the need for a subscription. Scope of Porkes Journal is research, study and analysis related to Sports education (Physical Education Health and Recreation) including; (1) Physical Education, (2) Traditional Sports, (3) Recreational Sports, (4) Sports Management, (5) Sports Pedagogics, (6) Sports Biomechanics, (7) Active Education, (8) Sports Psychology, (9) Sports Physiology, (10) Performance Analysis, (11) Physical Activity, (12) Sports Talent Identification, (13) Sports Coaching, (14) and others related to improving the quality of Physical Health and Recreation Education. Nama Jurnal : Jurnal Porkes Inisial : Jurnal Porkes Jadwal Terbit : 4 Kali Setahun | Maret, Juni, September, Desember DOI : 10.29408 /porkes e-ISSN : 2614-8781 Ketua Penyunting : Suryansah Penerbit : Universitas Hamzanwadi Analisa Kutipan : Google Scholar | SINTA 3 | Garuda
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Pengaruh Circuit Training menggunakan Musik terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani dan Mood State Siswa Sekolah Dasar
This study was motivated by the low levels of physical fitness and mood instability among elementary school students in physical education classes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of circuit training accompanied by music on the physical fitness and mood of elementary school students compared to conventional instruction. The method used was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study sample consisted of 56 fifth-grade students from SDN 138 Gegerkalong Girang, Bandung City, who were divided into an experimental group and a control group, each comprising 28 students, through total sampling. Physical fitness was measured using the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN), and mood state was assessed using the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS). The experimental group underwent 10 circuit training sessions accompanied by music at a tempo of 140 BPM. The results showed a significant difference in physical fitness between the groups (p=0.026<0.05), with the experimental group’s N-Gain of 0.58 (moderate) being higher than the control group’s 0.26 (low). Mood state also showed a significant difference (p = 0.000 < 0.05), with an N-Gain of 0.376 (moderate) compared to 0.099 (low). In conclusion, circuit training accompanied by music proved to be more effective than conventional learning in improving the physical fitness and mood state of elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rizky Gustiansyah, Ricky Wibowo, Gano Sumarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analisis Retrospektif Penerapan Metode Long Interval Training dengan MAS Tinggi Terhadap Kapasitas Speed Endurance
Futsal requires speed endurance to maintain speed during repeated sprints, accelerations, and changes of direction at high intensity. Long Interval Training (LIT) based on high Maximum Aerobic Speed (MAS) is often used to develop aerobic and anaerobic capacity, but its effectiveness for speed endurance still needs further study. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the application of the Long Interval Training method with high MAS on the speed endurance capacity of female futsal athletes. The study used a quantitative approach with an ex post facto method and a retrospective design. The subjects consisted of 4 female futsal athletes from the UPI Student Club, selected purposively based on the completeness of their pretest and posttest data for the 150-meter sprint and their MAS rankings within the entire population. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics and the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The average 150-meter sprint time increased from 24.30 seconds in the pretest to 26.38 seconds in the posttest, with an average difference of 2.08 seconds (8.44%). All athletes experienced a slowdown in their completion times, with three athletes experiencing a decline in performance category from moderate/poor to very poor. The implementation of Long Interval Training with high MAS has not yet shown an optimal improvement in speed endurance capacity among female futsal athletes. Future training programs need to combine LIT with specific speed endurance training, such as repeated sprints.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nizrina Fauziah Permana, Dikdik Zafar Sidik, Patriana Nurmansyah Awwaludin, Fitri Rosdiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Peningkatan Kemampuan Lompat Jauh Mahasiswa melalui Permainan Tradisional Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Papua
The low level of long jump ability, motivation, and student engagement in track and field training is a major problem that requires an innovative solution. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the traditional game “Aga,” based on Papuan local wisdom, in improving students’ long jump ability, motivation, and engagement. The study employed a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 70 students selected through purposive sampling, comprising 35 students in the experimental group and 35 students in the control group. The instruments included the long jump test, standing broad jump, 30-meter sprint, and observation sheets for motivation and engagement. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANCOVA. The results showed that the traditional Aga game had a significant effect on improving long jump performance (F = 34.498; p < 0.001; η²p = 0.340), with the experimental group’s improvement (27.01%) being higher than that of the control group (13.64%). The experimental group demonstrated higher motivation (M = 43.67) compared to the control group (M = 34.66), as well as greater activity levels (M = 3.63) compared to the control group (M = 2.58). The conclusion of this study indicates that the traditional Aga game is effective in improving students’ long jump ability, motivation, and activity level, making it a viable alternative for an innovative, context-based athletics learning model.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abu Bakar, Agus Kurniadi, Ainun Mardiah, Suardi Kaiterlomin, Amrin Sofyan Rada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analisis Retrospektif Penerapan Metode Short Interval Training Terhadap Kapasitas Power Endurance Pemain Futsal Putri UPI
The problem addressed in this study is the continued decline in the physical performance of female futsal players when performing repetitive explosive movements during matches, which highlights the need for appropriate training methods to improve power endurance. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the application of Short Interval Training based on Maximum Aerobic Speed (MAS) on the power endurance capacity of female futsal players at the Indonesia University of Education (UPI), as well as to examine the relationship between aerobic endurance capacity and power endurance. The method used was a quantitative descriptive approach with a retrospective ex post facto design. A sample of 5 athletes was selected via purposive sampling from a population of 40 athletes. Data were obtained from documentation of the Balke Test and 1-Minute Hurdle Jump Test results before and after the training program, which consisted of 16 sessions. Analysis results showed that the average Hurdle Jump count changed from 79.2 repetitions (pre-test) to 78.0 repetitions (post-test), with an average of 78.6 repetitions. Spearman’s correlation test indicated a moderate positive relationship (r = 0.600), but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.285). In conclusion, aerobic endurance capacity has not been shown to have a significant relationship with power endurance in this sample; therefore, the development of power endurance should be pursued through a training program that combines aerobic, anaerobic, strength, and explosive power training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risty Dewi Utami, Dikdik Zafar Sidik, Dede Rohmat Nurjaya, Fitri Rosdiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Modifikasi Media Pembelajaran Bola Karet Terhadap Kemampuan Passing Bawah Bola Voli Siswa SMP
This study aimed to determine the effect of rubber ball learning media modification on volleyball underhand passing skills among eighth-grade students at SMPN 15 Bekasi City. The problem underlying this research was the low underhand passing ability of students, largely due to discomfort and fear caused by using standard volleyballs. The study employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population consisted of 347 students, while the sample comprised 37 students selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable underhand passing skills test (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.811) and documentation. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the Paired Sample t-Test using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results indicated that the data were normally distributed and that there was a significant difference between students' underhand passing skills before and after the treatment (p = 0.000). The mean score increased from 27.81 in the pretest to 39.32 in the posttest, representing an increase of 11.51 points (41.4%). The use of rubber balls provided a safer and more comfortable learning experience, increased students' confidence, and improved their underhand passing skills. Therefore, rubber ball learning media modification is an effective alternative for enhancing volleyball underhand passing skills in physical education learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bido Febrian Rahmat Khairul Surijat, Aria Kusuma Yuda Ryanto, Rahmat Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analisis Minat Siswa Dalam Mengikuti Ekstrakurikuler Bola Basket di SMP Negeri 1 Sukatani
This study was motivated by the disparity in student interest in participating in the basketball extracurricular program at SMP Negeri 1 Sukatani, where, out of 30 students, only 40% actively participated in practice, while the remaining 60% were less active. This study aims to describe students’ interest, identify the factors influencing it, and analyze the impact of interest on students’ performance. The study employed a qualitative approach using descriptive methods. The research subjects were 30 students participating in the extracurricular program, with 6 students and 1 coach selected through purposive sampling to serve as informants. Data collection techniques included observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman model. The results indicate that students’ interest is relatively high, shaped by a combination of internal and external factors. External factors are more dominant in the initial stages of interest, while internal factors play a role in maintaining consistent participation. High interest has a positive impact on discipline, physical fitness, focus on learning, and improved basketball skills. However, there are still 10 students (33%) who are less active due to barriers such as distance from home, lack of self-confidence, and limited facilities. In conclusion, student interest plays a crucial role in the success of the basketball extracurricular program at SMP Negeri 1 Sukatani.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faiq Fauzan Ruspendi, Dhika Bayu Mahardhika, Rahmat Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional Bentengan dan Gobak Sodor Terhadap Kelincahan Siswa Mi NW Lingkung
Traditional games are increasingly eroded by technological developments, causing elementary school students' physical activity to decline and impacting low agility. This study aims to determine the effect of traditional games bentengan and gobak sodor on improving agility of students at MI NW Lingkung. The research method used an experiment with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample consisted of 24 fifth-grade students selected using total sampling technique. Agility was measured using the 4 × 10 meter Shuttle Run test during pretest and posttest. The treatment program was conducted for 8 meetings. Data analysis used Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's Test homogeneity test, Paired Sample t-Test (α = 0.05), as well as Cohen's d effect size and N-Gain test. The results showed the average time decreased from 9.01 seconds to 6.68 seconds with an increase of 25.88%. The Paired Sample t-Test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), Cohen's d of 2.44 (very large effect), and N-Gain of 0.56 (moderate category). All students experienced improved agility. The conclusion of this study is that the traditional games bentengan and gobak sodor are effective in improving elementary school students' agility and can be used as an attractive, inexpensive, and enjoyable alternative for physical education learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lalu Herwandi Wirahman, Mujriah, Muhamad Ikhsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Discovery Learning Model Terhadap Keterampilan Gerakan Kayang Pembelajaran Senam Lantai pada Siswa
This study was motivated by the low level of kayang movement skills among 11th-grade students at Tempuran State High School 1, where 63.9% of students still struggled to perform the kayang movement using the correct technique, particularly in the initial position, execution, and final position. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of applying the Discovery Learning Model on improving kayang movement skills in floor exercise. The study employed an experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 36 students selected using purposive sampling. The instrument used was a backbend skill test that had been validated through expert judgment and tested for reliability using Cohen’s Kappa (0.82). The intervention was administered over eight sessions spanning four weeks. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the paired-sample t-test. The results showed an increase in the mean score from 59.19 on the pretest to 66.11 on the posttest (an increase of 6.92 points). The paired-sample t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) with a Cohen’s d effect size of 3.76 (very large category). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning Model has a positive and significant effect on improving students’ floor exercise bridge movement skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eva Hayati, Setio Nugroho, Muhammad Mury Syafei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menembak Bola Basket melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Berbasis Permainan pada Siswa SMP
This study aimed to analyze the effect of a game-based cooperative learning model on improving basketball shooting skills among class IX E students at SMP Negeri 1 Banjarbaru, measured through body position, ball handling, movement coordination, and shooting accuracy. This study employed a quantitative approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 32 students selected through purposive sampling. “Data were collected using a basketball shooting skills test and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and effect size calculation. The results showed that the mean shooting score increased from 72.03 in the pretest to 82.34 in the posttest. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test yielded a Z value of -4.415 with an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of the game-based cooperative learning model on students’ basketball shooting skills. The effect size value was 0.78, which falls into the large effect category, indicating a strong practical impact of the intervention.” Therefore, the game-based cooperative learning model can be considered an effective strategy in physical education learning to improve basketball shooting skills, participation, cooperation, and learning motivation among junior high school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alitya Putra Maulidan, Lazuardy Akbar Fauzan, Ramadhan Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Model Hybrid TGFU-TPSR terhadap Kreativitas dan Sikap Sportivitas Siswa SD
Physical Education, Sports, and Health instruction in elementary schools still tends to focus on the repetitive mastery of techniques, resulting in suboptimal development of students’ creativity and sportsmanship. This study aims to analyze the effect of a hybrid model combining Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) and Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) based on invasion games on the creativity and sportsmanship of elementary school students. The method used was an experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 fifth-grade students from Nur El Hikmah Elementary School, selected through purposive sampling. Creativity was measured using the Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM) instrument, while sportsmanship was measured using the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale (MSOS). Data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test. The results showed a significant increase in creativity from 21.80 to 25.83 (p < 0.05) and in sportsmanship from 56.73 to 60.30 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the hybrid TGFU and TPSR models based on invasion games are effective in simultaneously enhancing elementary school students’ creativity and sportsmanship. This study provides an empirical contribution to the development of an integrated, contextual, and relevant physical education learning model that meets the needs of 21st-century education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh Said Usman, Agus Mahendra, Wildan Alfia Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Efektivitas Metode Drill terhadap Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Tendangan Lurus Pencak Silat
This study was motivated by the low level of pencak silat straight-kick skills among extracurricular participants, as evidenced by suboptimal balance, accuracy in the direction of the kick, and final posture. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the drill method on straight kick skills in pencak silat. The study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of all pencak silat extracurricular participants at SMPN 1 Tirtajaya, with a sample of 15 participants selected using total sampling. The research instrument consisted of a straight kick skill assessment sheet covering the aspects of initial stance, preparatory stance, execution, and final stance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a normality test, and a paired-sample t-test with the aid of SPSS version 27. The results showed that the mean score for straight kick skills increased from 9.07 on the pretest to 11.87 on the posttest. The results of the normality test showed that the data were normally distributed, with a significance value of 0.539 for the pretest and 0.413 for the posttest. The results of the paired-sample t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating a significant improvement in straight-kick skills following the intervention. Thus, the drill method is effective in improving straight-kick skills in pencak silat.
Copyright (c) 2026 Badru Maulana, Akhmad Dimyati, Rhama Nurwansyah Sumarsono, Irfan Zinat Achmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa pada Materi Bola Voli
The main problem in this study is the low level of student participation and enthusiasm in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) classes covering volleyball at Mataram State High School 7. Based on initial observations, most students exhibited passive attitudes, a lack of motivation, and a fear of performing basic technical movements. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on students’ interest in learning volleyball. A quantitative approach was used with a one-shot case study design. The study population consisted of all 282 tenth-grade students, with a sample of 35 students from Class XE selected through purposive sampling. The main instrument was a Likert-scale learning interest questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, supplemented by an observation sheet. Data analysis used descriptive statistics based on percentages. The results of the study show that the average percentage of students’ learning interest reached 83.84%, which falls into the “very high” category. All interest indicators namely, curiosity, engagement, understanding, enjoyment, collaboration, and motivation were in the “very high” category. The enjoyment indicator received the highest score at 86.47%, followed by motivation at 84.85%, and collaboration at 84.28%. The conclusion of this study is that the PjBL learning model has been proven effective in increasing students’ interest in learning volleyball-related material.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuni Amirta Nadila, Balkis Ratu Nurul Laela Esser, Kokom Supriyatnak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Panjang Tungkai dengan Kecepatan pada Atlet Futsal
Sprinting ability is an important physical component in futsal; however, research on the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and leg length, in conjunction with sprint speed, among adolescent futsal athletes remains limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and leg length and 30-meter sprint speed among futsal athletes at Tempeh State High School 1. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design involving 20 subjects selected through total sampling. BMI data were obtained by measuring body weight and height; leg length was measured from the trochanteric point to the floor using an anthropometer; and sprint speed was measured using a 30-meter run test. Data analysis utilized Spearman’s Rho test because the BMI data were not normally distributed, along with partial correlation analysis for simultaneous relationships. The results showed a very strong and significant negative correlation between BMI and 30-meter sprint speed (rs = -0.944; p < 0.001) and between leg length and 30-meter sprint speed (rs = -0.996; p < 0.001). Partial correlation analysis showed that leg length had a stronger relationship (r = -0.935) with sprint speed than IMT (r = -0.714). It was concluded that anthropometric characteristics, particularly leg length, play a significant role in supporting sprint performance in futsal.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khareswara Wiku Januarta, Noortje Anita Kumaat, Roy Januardi Irawan, Aprilyan Putra Bimantoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Deep Learning Terhadap Keterampilan Servis Pendek Bulutangkis
The low level of short serve skills among high school students in badminton is a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, as this technique is a crucial foundation of the game. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing a deep learning instructional model on short serve skills in badminton. The study employed a quantitative method with a pre-experimental approach and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 students selected using purposive sampling. The instrument, an observation sheet for short serve skills covering seven assessment aspects, was validated for content validity (CVI = 0.92) and item validity (calculated r > table r), and was found to be reliable (ICC = 0.894; Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.867). Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances, and the paired-sample t-test. The results showed that the mean pretest score of 8.60 increased to 20.60 on the posttest (an increase of 12.00 points or 139.5%). All students improved from the “inadequate” or “very inadequate” categories to the “adequate” (60%) and “good” (40%) categories. The paired-sample t-test yielded a calculated t-value of -29.094 with a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and a Cohen’s d effect size of 5.31 (very large category), so H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. It is concluded that the deep learning model has a significant effect on badminton short serve skills through learning that emphasizes conceptual understanding, active engagement, and reflection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dinda Mutiara Cahya, Ardawi Sumarno, Akhmad Dimyati, Irfan Zinat Achmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Efektivitas Permainan Bowling Adaptif Terhadap Keterampilan Motorik Kasar dan Kemampuan Kerjasama pada Anak Penyandang Tunagrahita Ringan
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adaptive bowling games on gross motor skills and cooperation ability in children with mild intellectual disability. A single-subject research A-B-A design was used, involving four children aged 9-11 years at a special school in Bandung, Indonesia. The design comprised baseline (A1, 3 sessions), intervention (B, 6 sessions of adaptive bowling delivered twice weekly for 45-60 minutes), and withdrawal (A2, 3 sessions). Gross motor skills were measured using TGMD-3, while cooperation was assessed through a structured observation sheet. Data were analyzed using visual analysis and Percentage of Non-overlapping Data (PND). Results showed increased TGMD-3 scores in all subjects from baseline to intervention (29.3%-77.2%), with PND values indicating very effective to effective outcomes for three subjects. Cooperation scores improved in three subjects (PND up to 100%) but declined in one. Most gains were maintained during withdrawal. Adaptive bowling proved to be a feasible play-based strategy for simultaneously promoting motor and social development, while individualized adaptation remains necessary for children who respond differently to group-based intervention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hani Sri Juliani, Lukmannul Haqim Lubay, Wildan Alfia Nugroho, Gano Sumarno, Suherman Slamet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Guru PJOK pada Kurikulum Nasional di SMP Negeri 3 Palu
This study was motivated by the still-low level of understanding among Physical Education (PJOK) teachers regarding the implementation of a competency-based curriculum, as well as the limited number of specific studies on PJOK teaching strategies within the context of the National Curriculum. The study aims to describe the implementation of teaching strategies by PJOK teachers under the National Curriculum at SMP Negeri 3 Palu. The method used was descriptive quantitative research with a cross-sectional survey design. The sample consisted of 4 Physical Education teachers selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire comprising 20 items on a 4-point Likert scale covering six indicators, supplemented by observations and documentation. The instrument was validated by three experts with a CVI of 0.89 and a Cronbach’s Alpha reliability of 0.87. Data analysis employed descriptive percentage calculations. The results showed that the implementation of Physical Education learning strategies reached 84.06% (Very Good). Instructional planning achieved the highest score (90.63%), followed by the use of media (87.50%), the implementation of deep learning and differentiation (85.94%), competency-based assessment (82.81%), and support and training (81.25%), while implementation constraints scored the lowest (72.92%). The study concluded that Physical Education teachers have implemented learning strategies in accordance with the National Curriculum; however, improvements in facilities and teacher competencies through ongoing training are still needed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suryani, Kamarudin, Hendra Iskandar, Muh. Saldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Implementasi Sport Education Model terhadap Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Permainan Sepak Bola
This study was motivated by the gap between students’ procedural mastery of basic soccer techniques and their conceptual understanding of when and why those techniques are applied in actual game situations. The study aimed to examine the effect of implementing the sport education model on students’ level of understanding in soccer instruction at SMAN 1 Telukjambe Barat. The research method employed a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The sample consisted of 27 11th-grade students selected through purposive sampling. The instrument was a 40-item multiple-choice test based on seven revised Bloom’s Taxonomy indicators of understanding. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Paired Sample t-test, and N-Gain. The results showed an increase in the average comprehension score from 26.96 to 34.56. The Paired-Sample t-test revealed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest (t = -8.422; df = 26; p = 0.000). An N-Gain value of 0.567 indicates moderate effectiveness. The decrease in standard deviation from 5.13 to 3.11 indicates a more even distribution of understanding among students. All seven indicators of understanding improved, with the “interpreting” indicator showing the greatest improvement. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the Sport Education Model has a significant effect on improving students’ level of understanding in soccer instruction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Baihaki Padika Fajar, Siawanto, Akhmad Dimyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Reaction Ball dan Drill Receive Terhadap Ketepatan Passing Bawah Bola Voli Putri Upgris
This study aims to determine the effect of reaction ball training and receive drills on the underhand passing accuracy of the UPGRIS 2025 women's volleyball team and to identify which training method is more effective for improving underhand passing skills. The issue addressed in this study is the athletes' low underhand passing accuracy, evidenced by a high percentage of failed passes during initial observations. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental method with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of 32 athletes from the UPGRIS 2025 women's volleyball team, selected via purposive sampling. Data collection utilized the AAHPER underhand passing accuracy test, consisting of 20 passing attempts. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics, involving the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, homogeneity test, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The study was carried out over 14 sessions, implementing reaction ball training and receive drills with progressively adjusted training intensity. The results indicate an improvement in the athletes' underhand passing skills following the training interventions. Reaction ball training enhanced the athletes' reaction speed and coordination, while receive drills improved the accuracy and consistency of their underhand passing technique. The study concludes that both reaction ball training and receive drills have a significant effect on the underhand passing accuracy of the UPGRIS 2025 women's volleyball team.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rudi Cahyno, Yulia Ratimiasih, Bertika Kusuma Prastiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Implementasi Guru PJOK dalam Penanaman Karakter Peduli Lingkungan pada Siswa SDN 2 Cakranegara
This study was motivated by the low level of environmental awareness among students at SDN 2 Cakranegara, such as littering and failing to put away sports equipment properly. The study aims to describe how Physical Education (PJOK) teachers implement character education to instill environmental awareness, as well as to identify supporting factors, barriers, and types of activities. The research method is qualitative, specifically a case study. The research subjects were two PJOK teachers selected through purposive sampling based on the criterion of having at least five years of experience. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman model, with data validity tested through member checking and triangulation. The results showed that implementation occurred in three stages: planning the integration of character values into lesson plans, implementing role-modeling and habit-forming strategies, and evaluating student behavior. Supporting factors included support from the principal and available facilities. Barriers included a lack of student awareness and time constraints. Activities included cleaning the field, maintaining equipment, and planting greenery. The conclusion of this study is that physical education teachers play a strategic role as role models, facilitators, motivators, and mentors in instilling a character of environmental care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karisman, Maulidin, Muhsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Survei Tingkat Keterampilan Shooting dalam Permainan Sepak Bola Ekstrakulikuler SMA Negeri Balung
Shooting skills are a crucial fundamental technique in soccer because they are a determining factor in a team’s success in scoring goals. However, the soccer players in the Balung State High School extracurricular program have never been scientifically evaluated regarding their shooting skill levels based on their playing positions, making it difficult for coaches to design targeted training programs tailored to the players’ needs. This study aims to analyze the shooting skill levels of the Balung State High School soccer club players based on their playing positions. The method used was a descriptive survey with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 30 players selected using purposive sampling, with the criteria being that they were active players who trained regularly. Data collection was conducted through a shooting test toward the goal from a distance of 16.5 meters, consisting of three attempts, with a maximum score of 15 points. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the overall average shooting skill of the players was 7.43 (49.56%), falling into the “fair” category. The striker position achieved the highest average (8.44 or 56.30%), followed by defenders and midfielders with the same average (7.44 or 49.63%), while goalkeepers had the lowest average (4.33 or 28.89%). The conclusion of this study is that the shooting skills of the extracurricular soccer players at Balung State High School vary depending on their playing positions and, in general, are still in the “adequate” category.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh Abdul Rohman, Rizki Apriliyanto, Wahyu Eko Widiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Aktivitas Gerak Berirama terhadap Peningkatan Keseimbangan dan Kelincahan Gerak
Balance and agility are fundamental motor components that support movement proficiency and physical performance among elementary school students. This study aimed to examine the effect of rhythmic movement learning on improving students’ dynamic balance and agility. The research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sample consisted of 32 fourth-grade students from SDN 205 Neglasari, Bandung City, selected through a total sampling technique. Data were collected using the Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance to assess dynamic balance and the TKSI Phase B T-Test to measure agility. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and a paired sample t-test, and Cohen's d effect size analysis. The results showed a significant improvement in dynamic balance (t(31) = -38.906; p < 0.001; N-Gain = 0.437; d = 2,495) and agility (t(31) = 9.291; p < 0.001; N-Gain = 0.314; d = 0.680). These findings indicate that rhythmic movement learning can be an effective and engaging physical education approach for enhancing motor skill development among elementary school students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tio Ilham Wahyudi, Ricky Wibowo, Mukhlisin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
The Role of Pencak Silat Learning in Character Development of Students in Physical Education Classes at Al Amin Islamic Junior High School, North Cikarang
Learning pencak silat in physical education is not only aimed at developing students' physical abilities and self-defense skills but also plays an important role in character building. However, this potential does not always manifest automatically, as found in initial observations at SMP Islam Al-Amin Cikarang Utara which showed low levels of discipline, responsibility, cooperation, sportsmanship, and respect among students. This study aimed to examine the role of pencak silat learning in shaping these five character dimensions. A qualitative approach with an instrumental case study design was employed. Data were collected through non-participant observation over eight meetings, semi-structured interviews with the physical education teacher and principal, written group interviews with 31 students, and documentation. Data validity was ensured through source, technique, and time triangulation. The findings showed progressive character development among students. Discipline improved through adherence to consistently enforced training rules. Responsibility and cooperation developed through paired practice activities requiring coordination and mutual care. Sportsmanship and respect were fostered through consistent social interactions and teacher role modeling. In conclusion, pencak silat learning can serve as an effective medium for character formation when implemented in a planned, systematic, and continuous manner, supported by teacher consistency and school policies that favor character strengthening.
Copyright (c) 2026 Takine Tathira, Rizki Aminudin, Ardawi Sumarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Diferensiasi Terhadap Kemampuan Tendangan Pencak Silat
The low pencak silat kicking skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 5 Karawang Barat became the main problem in this study. Learning was still dominated by demonstration and direct instruction methods, causing students to be passive and lack a comprehensive understanding of kicking techniques. This study aimed to determine the effect of differentiated learning on pencak silat kicking skills among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 5 Karawang Barat. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 42 students selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a pencak silat kicking skill test covering straight kicks, crescent kicks, and T-kicks, with validity r > 0.316 and reliability Cronbach's Alpha 0.826. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Paired Sample t-Test. The results showed an increase in the average score from 50.31 in the pretest to 77.17 in the posttest. Hypothesis testing revealed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of differentiated learning on students' pencak silat kicking skills. The study concludes that differentiated learning is effective in improving pencak silat kicking skills and can be used as an alternative instructional strategy in physical education to accommodate differences in students' abilities, interests, and learning styles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatin Rizqi Utami, Dikdik Fauzi Dermawan, Rekha Ratri Julianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament Terhadap Pengembangan Social-Emotional Learning
This study was motivated by the importance of developing Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) in elementary school students as an essential 21st-century competency; however, teaching methods that remain teacher-centered lack collaborative interaction, resulting in students’ social-emotional skills not developing optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model, implemented through handball-like games, on the development of SEL in elementary school students. The research method employed an experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 50 fifth-grade students divided into an experimental group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25) using cluster random sampling. The instrument used was the Social Emotional Learning Scale (SELS), consisting of 17 items covering three indicators: task articulation, peer relationships, and self-regulation. The results showed a significant increase in the experimental group (sig. < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.65), while the control group did not show a significant change (sig. = 0.209). Analysis by indicator showed that task articulation (d = 0.567) and self-regulation (d = 0.489) increased significantly, while peer relationships did not yet show a significant increase (d = 0.327). In conclusion, the TGT learning model using handball-like games has a significant effect on the development of SEL in elementary school students, although the effect varies across indicators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pakpak Rosadi, Wulandari Putri, Yogi Akin, Didin Budiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Implementasi High Press Paris Saint Germain: Analisis final liga champions 2025 vs inter Milan
This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the implementation of the high-pressing strategy employed by Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) in the 2025 Champions League Final against Inter Milan. This tactical phenomenon is significant due to PSG’s success in neutralizing the opponent’s counterattacking patterns through a highly proactive defensive structure. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, this study analyzes match dynamics through systematic observation of video recordings and field zone mapping. The research instruments focused on three main variables: the intensity of pressure in the final third of the field, coordination between lines within the “inverted triangle” scheme, and the effectiveness of utilizing half-spaces to trigger positive transitions. The results indicate that the success of PSG’s high-pressing system relies not only on the players’ physical superiority but also on precise positional discipline to cut off the opponent’s vertical passing lanes. Key findings reveal that the transformation of the formation into an inverted triangle in midfield enables PSG to create pressing traps in the wing areas, forcing opposing players to make mistakes in dangerous zones. Visual data analysis via heatmaps confirms that pressing dominance is concentrated in the half-space areas. In conclusion, the integration of tactical intelligence and flexible positional structures. This study offers practical implications for coaches and tactical analysts in designing an aggressive yet organized defensive system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dimas Aditya, Rizki Apriliyanto, Ahmad Sulaiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Komparasi Tingkat Literasi Fisik Berdasarkan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler dan Jenis Kelamin
This research was motivated by the importance of physical literacy as a foundation for lifelong active lifestyles, yet its implementation in Indonesia still faces various challenges, particularly in terms of conceptual understanding and measurement. This study aims to analyze differences in physical literacy levels based on extracurricular activities and gender among elementary school students in Cileunyi District, Bandung Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative design. A sample of 357 fifth-grade students was selected through proportional random sampling. The instrument used was the Physical Literacy Questionnaire for Children (PL-C Quest) which had been tested for validity and reliability in the Indonesian context. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results showed no significant difference in physical literacy levels based on gender (p = 0.172), indicating equal learning opportunities between male and female students. In contrast, there was a significant difference based on the type of extracurricular activity (p < 0.001), where non-sports activities such as Coding, E-Sport, and Islamic activities showed higher scores in social and cognitive dimensions. This study concludes that extracurricular activities play a more dominant role in influencing physical literacy levels than gender. Schools are advised to optimize diverse and balanced extracurricular programs to support the holistic development of students' physical literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Alif Andika, Lukmannul Haqim Lubay, Wulandari Putri, Achmad Syakur Fakhri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Implementasi Model TPSR melalui Permainan Tradisional untuk Meningkatkan Tanggung Jawab dan Motorik Kasar Siswa
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model through traditional games to improve elementary school students' responsibility and gross motor skills. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental approach with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design, this study involved 56 fourth-grade students at SDN Tenjolaya 3 Cicalengka. A sample of 40 students was selected via purposive sampling and divided into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. Data were collected using the Personal and Social Responsibility Questionnaire (PSRQ) and the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). The intervention consisted of eight sessions over six weeks, utilizing traditional games (engklek, lompat tali, gobak sodor, boy-boyan, and bola beracun). Data were analyzed using t-tests in SPSS. Results showed that the experimental group achieved significant increases in PSRQ (49.05 to 55.15; p = 0,000) and TGMD-2 scores (76.75 to 90.25; p = 0,000). Post-test independent t-tests confirmed significant differences between groups in responsibility (p = 0,001) and gross motor skills (p = 0,000). In conclusion, integrating the TPSR model and traditional games effectively and simultaneously improves students' affective and psychomotor domains in physical education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurlita Sri Lestari, Dian Budiana, Yogi Akin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Motivasi Berolahraga terhadap Prestasi Atlet Bulu Tangkis Putri
This study aims to analyze the effect of sports motivation on the athletic performance of female badminton athletes at Club Ardanoc Purwakarta. This research uses a quantitative correlational approach. The population is all female badminton athletes at Club Ardanoc, totaling 20 athletes, with a sample of 17 athletes selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire (SS, S, RR, TS, STS) with 25 items measuring six motivation indicators: achievement desire, training enthusiasm, training discipline, self-confidence, environmental support, and training persistence. Athletic performance data were obtained through coach assessments covering playing technique, stroke accuracy, footwork, playing consistency, and match results using a scale of 1–5. Data analysis included validity and reliability tests, normality test, simple linear regression, t-test, and coefficient of determination. Results showed that sports motivation significantly affected female athlete performance (t-count = 5.847 & gt; ttable = 2.131, p & lt; 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.545, meaning that sports motivation contributed 54.5% to athlete performance. The findings suggest that coaches and club managers should design motivation-based training programs to optimize the performance of female badminton athletes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daffa Khairy Hasmahdi, Radika, Aldaffa Farrel Mahardika Sudarso, M. Arief Setiawan, A. Ine Aprilia Damai, Aprillia Wulan Utari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pukulan Forehand dalam Permainan Tenis Meja Melalui Pantulan Bola ke Dinding
This study was motivated by the low level of table tennis forehand skills among eighth-grade students in Class VIIIa at SMP Negeri 15 Palu, as well as the limited sports facilities and equipment at the school. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of wall-bounce drills on improving forehand skills in table tennis among eighth-grade students in Class VIIIa at SMP Negeri 15 Palu. This study employed an experimental method using a one-group pre-test post-test design. The population and sample consisted of 25 eighth-grade students in Class VIIIa at SMP Negeri 15 Palu. The training intervention was conducted over four weeks, with three sessions per week. Data were collected using a forehand stroke skill test (backboard test). Data analysis employed a dependent t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed an increase in the average score from 5.60 at the pre-test to 9.36 at the post-test, representing a 67.14% improvement. The t-test results showed that the calculated t-value (31.86) was greater than the critical t-value (1.711) at a 5% significance level with 24 degrees of freedom, and the p-value was 0.000 < 0.05; therefore, H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. The conclusion of this study is that wall-bounce drills have a significant effect on improving the forehand stroke skills of eighth-grade students in Class VIIIa at SMP Negeri 15 Palu.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afiyati L. Djuru, Tri Murtono, Andi Saparia, Muhammad Agusman, Delvi Kristanti Liloi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Survei Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani pada Siswa Kelas X Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan di SMK Negeri 5 Palu
Physical fitness is an important indicator in supporting the optimization of the learning process; however, the nature of the Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) program which is dominated by computer-based activities has the potential to increase sedentary behavior and affect students’ physical fitness. This study aims to measure and describe the physical fitness levels of 10th-grade TKJ students at SMK Negeri 5 Palu using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) for ages 16–19. The study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method and a descriptive design. The population consisted of 35 students, all of whom were included in the sample through total sampling. The assessment instruments consisted of the 60-meter run, pull-ups, sit-ups, vertical jump, and 1000-1200 meter run. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the majority of students fell into the “good” category for nearly all components, with the highest percentages in the 1,000-1,200-meter run (54.28%), the 60-meter dash and vertical jump (48.57%), and sit-ups (42.85%), while pull-ups were predominantly in the “moderate” category (40%). In general, the students’ physical fitness levels were in the “fairly good” category, although there were still variations in ability across each component, particularly in arm strength and endurance. This study is expected to serve as a basis for physical education teachers and schools in developing more targeted physical fitness training programs tailored to the characteristics of the students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fery Lamudo, Muhammad Ismail, Moh. Ifkhal Sianto, Jumain, Delvi Kristanti Liloi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Profil Kondisi Fisik Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli SMP Negeri 15 Palu
This study aimed to determine the physical condition profile of volleyball extracurricular participants at SMP Negeri 15 Palu. The research employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The population consisted of all active volleyball extracurricular participants at SMP Negeri 15 Palu, totaling 20 students, who were selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a series of physical fitness tests, including a 30-meter sprint, 30-second push-up test, 30-second sit-up test, sit and reach test, vertical jump test, 4 × 10-meter shuttle run, and 1000-meter run. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and converted into T-scores before being classified into predetermined categories. The results showed that the overall physical condition of the volleyball extracurricular participants was in the moderate category. The distribution of participants based on physical condition categories revealed that 1 participant (5%) was classified as very good, 4 participants (20%) as good, 8 participants (40%) as moderate, 6 participants (30%) as poor, and 1 participant (5%) as very poor. It can be concluded that the physical condition of volleyball extracurricular participants at SMP Negeri 15 Palu requires further improvement through well-planned, systematic, and continuous training programs to enhance performance and sports achievement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurfataya Pando'o, Tri Murtono, Nyoman Sukrawan, Christian Kungku, Delvi Kristanti Liloi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Small Sided Games Terhadap Keterampilan Passing Siswi Ekstrakurikuler Futsal
This study was motivated by the finding that female students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at SMK Jaya Buana in Tangerang Regency still frequently make mistakes when passing, and that the coach has not yet implemented a structured small-sided games training method. The study aims to determine the effect of small-sided games training on the passing skills of female students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at SMK Jaya Buana in Tangerang Regency. The study used a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. A sample of 25 female students was selected using total sampling. The research instrument consisted of a passing skill assessment sheet covering four aspects (starting stance, execution, follow-through, and passing outcome), which had been validated through expert judgment and instrument pilot testing. The intervention consisted of 8 training sessions involving small-sided games with varying formats: 2v2, 2v2+1 neutral, 3v2, 3v3, 4v2, and 4v3. Data analysis utilized the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and the Paired Sample T-Test for hypothesis testing at a 5% significance level. The results of the study showed an increase in the average score from 10.80 (pretest) to 13.72 (posttest), representing a 27.04% increase. The paired-sample t-test yielded a calculated t-value of 7.158 > table t-value of 2.064, with a significance level (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. There is a significant effect of small-sided games training on the improvement of the female students’ passing skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Yuken Saukani, Rhama Nurwansyah Sumarsono, Akhmad Dimyati, Irfan Zinat Achmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Dribbling With Cone dan Reverse The Ball Dribble Terhadap Peningkatakan Hasil Dribbling
The problem addressed in this study is the low dribbling ability of Putra Anjani FC players, as evidenced by an average dribbling time of 18.48 seconds and the fact that more than 70% of players failed to dribble effectively when facing pressure from opponents. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of “dribbling with cones” and “reverse the ball dribble” training and to compare the effectiveness of these two methods. The study employed a quantitative experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 30 players divided into two groups: Group A (dribbling with cones training) and Group B (reverse the ball dribble training). Training was conducted for 6 weeks, 3 times per week. The test instrument used was Morton’s dribbling test (Aiken’s V = 0.89; ICC = 0.91). The results showed that both training methods had a significant effect (p < 0.05). Group A experienced a reduction in completion time from 18.45 seconds to 12.32 seconds (a 33.2% improvement; g-score = 0.72), while Group B’s time decreased from 18.52 seconds to 14.78 seconds (a 20.2% improvement; g-score = 0.48). An independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.43). The conclusion of this study is that the “dribbling with cones” exercise is more effective than the “reverse ball dribble” exercise in improving the dribbling performance of Putra Anjani FC players.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Kalfika Atma, Soemardiawan, Ismail Marzuki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Drop Pass dan Pass Team Competition Terhadap Passing Stopping dalam Permainan Sepakbola
This study was motivated by the poor passing and stopping skills of Karka FC players in 2026, which were caused by a conventional training program that was monotonous and lacked variety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of drop pass drills and team passing competitions on the players’ passing and stopping skills. The research method employed a quantitative approach using a pretest-posttest control group design. The population consisted of 45 players; a sample of 30 players was selected using purposive sampling and divided into an experimental group (15 players) and a control group (15 players). The passing and stopping skills test instrument had been validated for validity (0.89) and reliability (0.87). The training program was conducted over 8 weeks at a frequency of 3 times per week. Data analysis used paired t-tests and independent t-tests at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed an average improvement of 59.25% in the experimental group (from 4.27 to 6.80), while the control group improved by 17.38% (from 4.20 to 4.93). The results of the independent t-test showed a calculated t-value of 6.78 > the critical t-value of 2.048 with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference in improvement between the two groups. The effect size, measured by Cohen’s d, was 2.21, classified as a large effect. The conclusion of this study is that drop pass drills and team passing competitions have a significant effect on improving players’ stopping passing ability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bagus Dwi Wibowo, Soemardiawan, Ismail Marzuki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Analisis Pengaruh Siklus Menstruasi Terhadap Passing dan Shooting Accuracy Atlet Futsal Wanita: Tinjauan Sistematis
This systematic review analyzes the influence of the menstrual cycle phase on the determinants of passing and shooting accuracy in female futsal athletes. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2015 and 2026. Of the 847 records identified, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria for a narrative synthesis. The findings consistently showed that the follicular phase was associated with superior fine motor skills, better neuromuscular coordination, improved balance, and lower perceived fatigue compared to the luteal phase. Elevated estrogen levels during the follicular phase facilitate the recruitment of motor units and neural drive, which directly support precision-based technical skills. Conversely, the luteal phase characterized by increased progesterone and impaired thermoregulation is correlated with reduced balance, decreased consistency of muscle activation, and increased motor variability. These hormonal fluctuations have direct implications for technical execution in futsal. However, no study has directly measured futsal-specific passing and shooting accuracy across all phases of the verified menstrual cycle, which represents a critical research gap. This review concludes that monitoring the phases of the menstrual cycle needs to be integrated into the periodization of women’s futsal training to optimize technical performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reza Rizki Fahlevi, Elias Sandy, Ajri Nurli Almuhtadi, M. Arief Setiawan, A. Ine Aprilia Damai, Aprillia Wulan Utari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Active Recovery terhadap Denyut Nadi Pemulihan Atlet Sepak Bola Usia 9 Tahun
This study aimed to examine the effect of active recovery on heart rate recovery in 9-year-old soccer athletes at SSB Kancil Mas Karawang. A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach was employed. The sample consisted of 15 male soccer athletes selected through total sampling. Heart rate was measured immediately after the main training session (pretest) and again after 10–15 minutes of active recovery comprising light jogging and active stretching (posttest). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test applied to the pretest and posttest data, a paired sample t-test, and Cohen's d effect size. Results showed that mean heart rate decreased significantly from 163.47 ± 7.32 bpm (pretest) to 118.93 ± 6.14 bpm (posttest), a mean difference of 44.53 bpm (95% CI 40.27–48.79). The paired sample t-test produced t(14) = 22.41, p < 0.001, and Cohen's d = 5.79, indicating a very large effect, with all 15 athletes showing a reduction. Within this population and these study conditions, active recovery was highly effective in accelerating heart rate recovery in young soccer athletes and may serve as a practical post-exercise recovery modality in youth football training programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulyar Firdaus Fathurohman Ahmad, Rona Agil Pratama, Muhammad Abizar Revaldi, Muksin, Muhammad Nandi Agustin, M. Arief Setiawan, Miftahudin Sigit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Efektivitas Metode Pembelajaran Part And Whole Terhadap Keterampilan Gerak Senam Lantai Roll Depan
This research was motivated by problems in learning floor gymnastics forward roll at SMAN 1 Babelan, where students had difficulty mastering movement techniques because the conventional method used by the teacher was only in the form of whole movement demonstrations without being broken down into simple parts, causing technical errors to recur. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Part and Whole learning method on the forward roll floor gymnastics skills of tenth-grade students. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 84 students divided into experimental class (n=42) and control class (n=42). The instrument was a forward roll movement skills test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's Test for homogeneity, Independent Sample t-Test, and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the mean score of the experimental class increased from 60.29 to 72.83, while the control class increased from 60.69 to 64.07. The t-test result showed a significance value of 0.012 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the two classes. The N-Gain score of the experimental class was 0.316 (moderate category), higher than the control class which obtained 0.086 (low category). This study concludes that the Part and Whole learning method is proven more effective in improving students' forward roll floor gymnastics skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Anggraeni Tj, Dikdik Fauzi Dermawan, Rahmat Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Hubungan Literasi Fisik dengan Perilaku Hidup Menetap dan Kebugaran Jasmani Anak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara literasi fisik dan perilaku sedentari serta kebugaran fisik di kalangan siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional yang melibatkan 60 siswa kelas lima yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi Kuesioner Literasi Fisik pada Anak (PLC-Quest) untuk mengukur literasi fisik, Kuesioner Aktivitas Sedentari Remaja (ASAQ) untuk perilaku sedentari, dan Tes Kebugaran Siswa Nusantara (TKPN) untuk kebugaran fisik. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi peringkat Spearman dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara literasi fisik dan perilaku sedentari (r = -0,481; p < 0,001), serta hubungan positif yang signifikan antara literasi fisik dan kebugaran fisik (r = 0,521; p < 0,001). Selain itu, kontribusi literasi fisik terhadap perilaku sedentari diklasifikasikan sebagai rendah hingga sedang (20,7%), sedangkan kontribusinya terhadap kebugaran fisik diklasifikasikan sebagai sedang (33,8%). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi literasi fisik seorang siswa, semakin baik kebugaran fisiknya dan semakin rendah perilaku sedentarinya; dengan demikian, literasi fisik memainkan peran penting dalam menumbuhkan gaya hidup aktif dan kesehatan fisik di kalangan siswa sekolah dasar.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chintya Nabilla Rahman, Wulandari Putri, Gano Sumarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Latihan Dribbling 1 on 1 After dan Dribbling with a Curving Line Trajektory untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Dribbling pemain Permainan Sepakbola
The players of Kerame Jati FC have poor dribbling skills, as evidenced by frequent turnovers, poor balance, and sluggish movement when facing opponents. This study aims to determine the effects of 1-on-1 after dribbling drills and dribbling drills with a curving line trajectory. The experimental method, using a two-group pretest-posttest design, involved 22 players divided into two groups (n=11). Group A received 1-on-1 after dribbling training, while Group B received dribbling training with a curving line trajectory. The test instrument was a dribbling test. Data analysis used the paired-sample t-test and the independent-samples t-test. The results showed that 1-on-1 after-dribbling training had a significant effect (calculated t = 8.247 > table t = 2.228, p = 0.000), with an average time reduction from 18.45 seconds to 14.82 seconds. Dribbling practice with a curving line trajectory also had a significant effect (calculated t = 6.924 > critical t = 2.228, p = 0.000), resulting in a decrease in average time from 18.52 seconds to 15.45 seconds. There was a significant difference in effect between the two drills (t-calculated 2.154 > t-table 2.086, p = 0.044), with the 1-on-1 after dribbling drill proving superior. In conclusion, both drills are effective at improving dribbling skills; however, the 1-on-1 after dribbling drill is superior and is recommended for training programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azizul Umam, Soemardiawan, Ismail Marzuki, Nurdin, Fitri Anggraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Evaluasi Program Pembinaan Prestasi Sepak Bola Wanita Putri Mataram: Studi Evaluatif Model CIPP
This study aims to evaluate the Putri Mataram women’s soccer development program based on the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The evaluation was conducted to determine the extent to which the program’s objectives have been achieved, as well as to provide a foundation for future strategic development. This study is an evaluative study using a mixed-methods approach. The study participants consisted of 6 administrators, 4 coaches, and 20 athletes. The instruments used were questionnaires and interviews that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results indicate that, overall, the development program falls into the “good” category. The context dimension was rated as “good” by administrators and coaches. The input dimension was also rated as “good” by all respondents. The process dimension was rated as “good” by administrators and athletes, and as “very good” by coaches. The product dimension was rated as “good” to “very good” by all respondents. Cumulatively, 100% of respondents stated that the training program was effective in improving the athletes’ technical and physical qualities. Thus, the Putri Mataram training program was deemed successful and aligned with the athletes’ development needs, although there are still several aspects that need improvement, particularly regarding facilities and funding.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rafni Wirma Hartati, Sumarjo, Rizki Mulyawan, Krisnanda Dwi Apriyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Trun Shoot dan Redirct the Ball Terhadap Shooting Sepak Bola
Low shooting ability in young players is a major obstacle in scoring goals, especially when receiving the ball with back to goal. Initial observation of 20 Brilliant FC U-12 players showed shooting accuracy of only 38%, turn time of 2.8 seconds, and 72% of players lacked technique variations. This study aims to analyze the effect of turn shoot and redirect the ball drills on improving shooting ability of Brilliant FC U-12 players in 2026. This research used a quantitative approach with pre-test post-test control group design. The sample consisted of 20 players randomly divided into experimental group (n=10) given drills for 8 weeks (3x/week) and control group (n=10) undergoing regular training. The instrument used a shooting ability test measuring accuracy and shot speed. Results showed the experimental group's score increased from 65.4 ± 4.2 to 82.7 ± 5.1 (26.5%), while the control group increased from 64.8 ± 3.9 to 68.2 ± 4.3 (5.2%). The independent sample t-test showed significance of 0.001 (p < 0.05) with Cohen's d effect size of 1.82 (very large effect). In conclusion, turn shoot and redirect the ball drills have a significant effect on improving shooting ability of Brilliant FC U-12 players.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raden Suaka Arya Duta, Soemardiawan, Ismail Marzuki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Perbandingan Tingkat Literasi Fisik Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Daerah Perkotaan dan Pedesaan
Physical literacy is a key construct in physical education, encompassing movement competence, motivation, confidence, knowledge, and sustained engagement in physical activity. The living environment may influence children’s physical literacy development, particularly across urban and rural contexts. This study examined differences in the physical literacy levels of elementary school students in urban and rural areas of Bandung Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative comparative design was employed involving 591 students from Soreang District (urban) and Cangkuang District (rural). Data were collected using the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) and analyzed through descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, and the Mann–Whitney test. The findings revealed a significant difference in physical literacy between students from urban and rural areas (p = 0.001), with urban students demonstrating higher mean scores. These results suggest that living environment may be associated with children’s physical literacy development, potentially through disparities in access to facilities, physical activity experiences, and supportive learning environments. The study underscores the need to promote equitable physical activity opportunities and strengthen physical education provision across regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia Amelia Putri, Lukmannul Haqim Lubay, Wulandari Putri, Achmad Syakur Fahri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Gaya Mengajar Self-Check dengan Pendekatan Deep Learning Terhadap Kejujuran dan Health-Related Fitness Peserta Didik
This study aims to determine the effect of the Self-Check teaching style with a Deep Learning approach on students’ honesty and Health-Related Fitness at MAN 2 Kota Banjarmasin. This research with a quasi-experimental method using a pretest-posttest control group design. The population consisted of tenth-grade students of MAN 2 Kota Banjarmasin, with a sample of 60 students divided into an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 30 students. The instruments used were a validated honesty questionnaire and Health-Related Fitness tests, including body mass index, sit-up, push-up, sit and reach, and bleep test. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and paired sample t-test. The results showed that the experimental group experienced an increase in Health-Related Fitness from 14.70 to 17.40, while the control group increased from 14.67 to 15.30. In terms of honesty, the experimental group increased from 62.07 to 64.47 with a significance value of 0.001, while the control group increased from 61.73 to 61.97 with a significance value of 0.006. These findings indicate that the Self-Check teaching style with a Deep Learning approach has a positive effect on improving students’ honesty and Health-Related Fitness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Oktolita Pertiwi, Syamsul Arifin, Mashud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Latihan Interval Terhadap Tendangan Dollyo Chagi Atlet Taekwondo
The main problem in this study is the low proficiency in the dollyo chagi kick among Taekwondo athletes in Luwu Regency, as indicated by suboptimal kick power, speed, and endurance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of interval training on improving the dollyo chagi kick proficiency of Taekwondo athletes in Luwu Regency. The method used was a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. The sample consisted of 15 athletes aged 13–17 years, selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was a 30-second dollyo chagi kick test to measure kick speed and power. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired-sample t-test with the aid of SPSS version 27. The results showed an increase in the mean score from 29.80 at the pretest to 34.87 at the posttest, with a difference of 5.07 points. The results of the paired-sample t-test showed that the calculated t-value of 16.874 was greater than the critical t-value of 2.145, with a significance level of 0.001 (< 0.05), Thus, interval training has been shown to have a significant effect. The conclusion of this study is that interval training is effective in improving the power and speed of the dollyo chagi kick in Taekwondo athletes. Therefore, this method is recommended for integration into routine training programs to support the continuous improvement of athletes’ performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Resa Amalia, Rachmat Hidayat, Nasriandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Team Assisted Individualization Terhadap Kemampuan Servis Bola Voli
This study aimed to determine the effect of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model on volleyball service skills among students of SMP At-Thohariyah. The study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of eighth-grade students of SMP At-Thohariyah in the 2025/2026 academic year, while the sample was selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through volleyball service skill tests administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) the implementation of the TAI learning model. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and paired sample t-tests. The findings indicated that the implementation of the Team Assisted Individualization learning model significantly improved students' volleyball service skills. The collaborative learning process, which emphasizes peer assistance, individual responsibility, and group cooperation, enabled students to understand service techniques more effectively and improve their motor skills performance. Therefore, the Team Assisted Individualization learning model can be considered an effective and innovative learning alternative for improving volleyball service skills in physical education learning at the junior high school level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gunawan, Irfan Zinat Achmad, Oktaviarini Yahya Rahmadhanty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Modifikasi Bola Terhadap Pembelajaran Chest Pass Bola Basket pada Siswa
Conventional basketball instruction often faces challenges, such as students finding it difficult to control a standard ball, which leads to a decline in motivation and makes the teaching of basic motor skills such as the chest passless effective. This problem is exacerbated by a lack of appropriate and contextual teaching materials that can actively engage students. This study aims to determine the effect of a modified rubber ball on students’ ability to perform a basketball chest pass. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental, two-group pretest-posttest design. It involved 40 seventh-grade students from SMP Negeri 2 Sukatani, who were divided into an experimental group and a control group using cluster random sampling over eight sessions. Data analysis involved descriptive analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the homogeneity test, and the paired-sample t-test using SPSS version 25. The results showed a significant improvement in chest pass ability in the experimental group compared to the control group. The mean score of the experimental group increased substantially from 51.30 (pre-test) to 81.75 (post-test), while the control group showed a smaller increase from 46.20 to 63.80. This indicates that the use of a rubber ball significantly improved students chest pass skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adit Maulana, Rahmat Iqbal, Dhika Bayu Mahardhika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Penerapan Metode Teaching At The Right Level (Tarl) dalam Meningkatkan Teknik Dasar Passing Sepak Bola
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) method in improving basic soccer passing techniques among students at MTS Malaka. The study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, conducted in two cycles, with MTS Malaka students as the research subjects. Each cycle consisted of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The instruments used included a psychomotor test to measure passing skills, a cognitive test to measure understanding of theory and tactics, and an affective observation sheet to assess students’ motivation, cooperation, and self-confidence. The results showed a significant improvement in all three assessment aspects. In the psychomotor aspect, there was an increase from 28.12% in Cycle I to 87.5% in Cycle II. The cognitive aspect improved from 43.75% to 90.62%, and the affective aspect improved by an average of 25%. These improvements demonstrate that the TaRL approach, combined with the Small-Sided Games model, is effective in enhancing students’ soccer passing skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Hidayat, Soemardiawan, Jamaludin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap Kemampuan Kognitif Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Pencak Silat
Pencak silat learning in junior high schools still tends to use conventional teacher-centered approaches, resulting in limited cognitive engagement of students in understanding movement concepts, rules, and strategies, while research on Discovery Learning implementation in pencak silat at the junior high school level remains relatively scarce. This study aims to determine the effect of Discovery Learning model on students' cognitive abilities in pencak silat learning for eighth grade at SMP Negeri 5 Karawang. This research employs a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental method and Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, involving 82 students consisting of experimental group (n=41) and control group (n=41), using a 30-item multiple-choice test instrument referring to Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (C1-C6), with data analysis including Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's Test for homogeneity, Paired Sample t-Test, Independent Sample t-Test, and N-Gain. The results show that the experimental group's posttest mean score (21.24) is higher than the control group (18.15), with significance values < 0.001 for both t-tests, while the N-Gain of experimental group (0.361) falls into moderate category and control group (0.274) into low category. This study concludes that Discovery Learning model has a significant effect on students' cognitive abilities in pencak silat learning with better improvement compared to conventional model.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dyan Al Febriansyah, Evi Susianti, Asep Suherman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/