Effectiveness test of shallot (Allium cepa L.) skin waste as a natural pesticide against pests on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum))

UJI EFEKTIVITAS LIMBAH KULIT BAWANG MERAH (ALLIUM CEPA L.) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP HAMA PADA TANAMAN TOMAT (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM)

Abstract

The research method employed a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: control (P0), botanical pesticide concentrations of 10% (P1), 20% (P2), and 30% (P3). Pest population observations were conducted for 7 days post-application, identifying pest species including aphids (Aphis gossypii), thrips (Thrips tabaci), whiteflies, and armyworms. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, and one-way ANOVA. Normality test results showed normally distributed data (sig. 0.196 > 0.05), homogeneity test indicated homogeneous variance (sig. 0.746 > 0.05), and ANOVA showed highly significant differences between treatments (F = 89.741; sig. 0.000 < 0.05). Treatment P3 demonstrated the highest effectiveness with an average pest population of 6.7 individuals (7.7% infestation), followed by P2 with 7.7 individuals (10.2%), P1 with 9.4 individuals (13.8%), and control with 12.7 individuals (17.6%). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 83.8% indicated that botanical pesticide treatments explained most of the variation in pest populations. This study proved that shallot peel-based botanical pesticide effectively controls pest populations with increasing effectiveness corresponding to higher concentrations, and possesses broad-spectrum control against various pest species.