AAnalisis Zona Iklim Lokal dan Distribusi Suhu Permukaan Lahan di Kota Banda Aceh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29408/geodika.v10i3.35375Keywords:
Zona Iklim Lokal (LCZ), Suhu Permukaan Lahan (LST), Urban Heat Island, Random Forest, Google Earth EngineAbstract
Pertumbuhan kawasan terbangun yang pesat di Kota Banda Aceh berdampak pada peningkatan Suhu Permukaan Lahan (Land Surface Temperature/LST) dan intensifikasi fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara Zona Iklim Lokal (Local Climate Zones/LCZ) dan distribusi suhu permukaan lahan di seluruh wilayah administrasi Kota Banda Aceh. Metode yang digunakan meliputi klasifikasi LCZ berbasis aturan (rule-based) menggunakan citra Sentinel-2 dan prediksi LST resolusi tinggi (10 meter) melalui model regresi Random Forest berdasarkan data Landsat 8, Landsat 9, dan Sentinel-2 yang diproses pada platform Google Earth Engine. Model Random Forest yang dilatih menggunakan 2.345 sampel menghasilkan nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) sebesar 2,56°C, menunjukkan akurasi prediksi yang memadai. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa 93,8% wilayah Kota Banda Aceh berada pada kelas suhu permukaan di atas 34°C, dengan zona LCZ terbangun seperti Compact Mid-Rise (rata-rata 41,14°C) dan Compact Low-Rise (rata-rata 40,94°C) mencatat suhu tertinggi. Sebaliknya, zona perairan (LCZ 17) secara konsisten menunjukkan suhu terendah dengan rata-rata 33,25°C. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya perencanaan kota yang responsif terhadap iklim, terutama melalui peningkatan tutupan vegetasi dan pelestarian badan air sebagai strategi mitigasi pemanasan perkotaan di Kota Banda Aceh.
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