A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON GRICEAN MAXIMS FLOUTING AND HEDGING IN SASAK COMMUNITY, NGENO NGENE DIALECT AT KELAYU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29408/jls.v1i2.6131Abstract
Abstract
This research is aimed at finding out the kinds of Gricean maxims that are flouted and hedged, finding out the reason why Gricean maxims are flouted and hedged, and finding out the kinds of strategies that are used to flout and the kinds of hedges that are used to hedge the Gricean maxims by ngeno-ngene speakers at Kelayu. It is categorized as descriptive qualitative research since it describes the whole event that happens in the field and so it is represented using words. The data are collected using four techniques, namely, observation, interview, recording and note taking. Based on the objective of the research and since the data are in the form of utterances, it is analyzed through four steps, namely, identification, classification, interpretation and reporting.
After analyzing the data, it is found that ngeno ngene speakers at Kelayu flout the four kinds of maxims (quality, quantity, relation and manner) and hedge the three kinds of maxims (quality, quantity and relation). The reasons for maxim of quality is flouted by ngeno ngene speakers at Kelayu are to convince the addressee, to cover something and to hide something. The reasons for maxim of quantity is flouted by ngeno ngene speakers at Kelayu are to explain more about something, to stress something and to expect something. The reasons for maxim of relation is flouted by ngeno ngene speakers at Kelayu are to change the conversation topic, to give unnecessary information and to avoid talking about something. The reasons for the maxim of manner is flouted by ngeno ngene speakers at Kelayu are to get attention and to be clear. The reasons why ngeno ngene speakers at Kelayu hedge the maxims are to avoid absolute statement, to accurately reflect the certainty of knowledge and to negotiate. The kinds of strategies that are used by ngeno ngene speakers at Kelayu to flout the maxim are overstatement, understatement, metaphor, irony, banter, sarcasm, irrelevant statement, ambiguous statement, tautology, and rhetorical question. The last is the kinds of hedges that are commonly used by ngeno ngene speakers at Kelayu to hedge the maxim are eleven. They are ndi?, gane/jegane, terang, badeq, ruane, rua-ruane jaq, baa+(verb repeating twice)+ so/ho, sang/sang+gane, and ongkatne/paranne jaq/ngene, menurutku/badeqku, and angkaq.
Keywords: Cooperative Principle, Grice’s Maxims, Flouting, Hedging, Implicature, and Ngeno Ngene Dialect.
References
Brown, G. and S. C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cutting, J. 2002. Pragmatics and Discourse, A Resource Book for Students. London and New York: Routledge
Finegan, E. 2004. Language its structure and Use Fourth Edition. Massachusetts: Thomson Wadsworth.
Grice, P. 1975. Logic and conversation. In Syntax and Semantics III: Speech Acts, ed. by Peter, C. and Jerry L. M., 41–58. New York: Academic Press.
Grundy, P. 2000. Doing pragmatics. London: Arnold.
Hornby, A.1974. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. New York: Oxford University Press.
Levinson, S. C. 1983. Activity Types and Language, in P. Drew and J Heritage (ed.), Talk at Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
____________. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C. and Schmidt, R. 2010. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. New York: Pearson Education Limited.
Saeed, J. I. 2009. Semantics. Malaysia: Blackwell Publishing.
Schmidt, C. 1974. The Relevance to Semantics Theory of a Study of Vagueness in Papers From the Eight Regional Meeting. Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago.
Yule, G. 1996. Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All writings in this journal are the full responsibility of the author. Journal of Lombok Studies provides open access to benefit anyone with valuable information and findings. Journal of Lombok Studies can be accessed free of charge at no cost, following the creative commons license. Authors who publish articles in the Journal of Lombok Studies must comply with the following conditions:
The author retains the copyright and grants the right of first publication with the work licensed simultaneously under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license, allowing others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors may make additional separate contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published journal version of the work (for example, posting it to an institution or publishing it in a book), acknowledging its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, on institutional repositories or websites) before and during the submission process, resulting in a productive exchange and earlier and more extensive citations of the published work.
All articles in this journal are the sole responsibility of the author. Journal of Lombok Studies provides open access to benefit anyone with valuable information and findings. Journal of Lombok Studies can be accessed and downloaded for free, following the creative commons license.
Journal of Lombok Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
