The Role of Supporting Training in Lead Climbing Performance at the 2025 National Student Sports Week (POMNAS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v9i1.34559Keywords:
Supporting training; lead climbing; performance; student athletes; POMNASAbstract
This study aimed to examine the role of supporting training in improving lead climbing performance at the 2025 National Student Sports Week (POMNAS). The identified problems included low aerobic and anaerobic endurance, suboptimal muscle strength, and high competitive anxiety among athletes. The study employed a descriptive qualitative design with participants consisting of one coach and three athletes from the Southwest Papua BAPOMI climbing team. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis of training programs, and observation of training sessions. Data analysis used a thematic approach with six phases. The findings showed that supporting training comprising physical conditioning, weight training, and mental training contributed significantly to athlete readiness. Physical conditioning improved endurance and fatigue resistance, weight training enhanced muscular strength and movement control, while mental training strengthened confidence, concentration, and emotional stability under competitive pressure. These three components were mutually reinforcing and integrated within a four-phase periodization program. The achievement of two silver medals and two bronze medals at POMNAS 2025 indicated the practical value of a structured supporting training program. In conclusion, supporting training should be regarded as an integral element of lead climbing preparation because it strengthens physical, technical, and psychological readiness for athletes to achieve optimal performance at national competitions.
References
Adeoye-Olatunde, O. A., & Olenik, N. L. (2021). Research and scholarly methods: Semi-structured interviews. Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 4(10), 1358-1367. https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1441
Albalad-Aiguabella, R., Navarrete-Villanueva, D., Mainer-Pardos, E., Villanueva-Guerrero, O., Muniz-Pardos, B., & Vicente-Rodríguez, G. (2025). Physical training considerations for futsal players according to strength and conditioning coaches: A qualitative study. Sports, 13(4), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040126
Álvarez-Maldonado, D., Barrientos-Oradini, N., Araneda-Reyes, M., Aparicio-Puentes, C., & Cofré-Sandoval, F. (2024). Self-control and academic performance. A comprehensive review and empirical study. Encuentros, 22(02-Julio-dic.), 43-57. https://doi.org/10.15665/encuen.v22i02-Julio-dic.3381
Bacon, A. P., Carter, R. E., Ogle, E. A., & Joyner, M. J. (2013). VO2max trainability and high intensity interval training in humans: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e73182. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073182
Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics. https://us.humankinetics.com/products/essentials-of-strength-training-and-conditioning-4th-edition
Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2023). Principles of biomedical ethics (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/principles-of-biomedical-ethics-9780190640873
Bell, L. (2025). Overreaching and overtraining in strength sports and resistance exercise training [Doctoral dissertation, Sheffield Hallam University]. Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive. https://doi.org/10.7190/shu-thesis-00683
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/thematic-analysis/book248481
Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Rothman, A. J., Leask, J., & Kempe, A. (2017). Increasing vaccination: putting psychological science into action. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18(3), 149-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/152910061876052
Brazier, T. A., Woodhead, A., Altai, Z., Ahmun, R., Callaghan, S., Howe, L., & Tallent, J. (2025). The effect of physical training on hitting performance in sport: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 20(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541251397649
Brewer, C. (2017). Athletic movement skills: Training for sports performance. Human Kinetics. https://us.humankinetics.com/products/athletic-movement-skills
Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: Cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine, 43(5), 313-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
Cools, A. M., Maenhout, A. G., Vanderstukken, F., Declève, P., Johansson, F. R., & Borms, D. (2021). The challenge of the sporting shoulder: From injury prevention through sport-specific rehabilitation toward return to play. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 64(4), 101384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.03.009
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/research-design/book270550
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2023). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/qualitative-inquiry-and-research-design/book270551
Dello Iacono, A., Beato, M., & Unnithan, V. (2021). Comparative effects of game profile-based training and small-sided games on physical performance of elite young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(10), 2810-2817. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003225
Denzin, N. K. (2018). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315134543
DeWalt, K. M., & DeWalt, B. R. (2011). Participant observation: A guide for fieldworkers (2nd ed.). AltaMira Press. https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780759119277/Participant-Observation-A-Guide-for-Fieldworkers-Second-Edition
Draper, N., Jones, G. A., Fryer, S., Hodgson, C., & Blackwell, G. (2008). Effect of an on-sight lead on the physiological and psychological responses to rock climbing. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 7(4), 492-498. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3761930/
Fanchini, M., Violette, F., Impellizzeri, F. M., & Maffiuletti, N. A. (2013). Differences in climbing-specific strength between boulder and lead rock climbers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(2), 310-314. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182577026
Fei, C., & Oyam, D. M. (2024). The role of teacher training in addressing student mental health issues in the classroom. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 14(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.12591677
Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2021). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107
Flick, U. (2022). An introduction to qualitative research (7th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/an-introduction-to-qualitative-research/book282373
Gandrapu, A., & Rakesh, K. R. (2024). Sports psychology: Mental skills training and performance enhancement strategies for athletes. Innovations in Sports Science, 1(3), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.36676/iss.v1.i3.13
Giles, L. V., Rhodes, E. C., & Taunton, J. E. (2006). The physiology of rock climbing. Sports Medicine, 36(6), 529-545. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636060-00006
Guest, G., Namey, E., & Chen, M. (2020). A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLoS ONE, 15(5), e0232076. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076
Hall, C. M. (2012). Sustainable mega-events: Beyond the myth of balanced approaches to mega-event sustainability. Event Management, 16(2), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599512X13343565268294
Hamilton, A. B., & Finley, E. P. (2023). Qualitative methods in implementation research: An introduction. Psychiatry Research, 283, 112629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112629
Hughes, D. C., Ellefsen, S., & Baar, K. (2018). Adaptations to endurance and strength training. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 8(6), a029769. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a029769
Kallio, H., Pietilä, A. M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: A guide to conducting a semi-structured interview study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 30(2), 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12287
Kawulich, B. B. (2020). Participant observation as a data collection method. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6(2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-6.2.466
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2022). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/naturalistic-inquiry/book2701
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Qualitative+Research%3A+A+Guide+to+Design+and+Implementation%2C+4th+Edition-p-9781119003618
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-data-analysis/book276620
Morgan, H. (2022). Conducting a qualitative document analysis. The Qualitative Report, 27(1), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5044
Nederhof, A. J. (2023). Methods of coping with social desirability bias: A review. European Journal of Social Psychology, 15(3), 263-280. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420150303
North, J., Brunsdon, J., & Cope, E. (2024). Developing ethical practice in sports coaching: A review of ethical principles and frameworks. Sports Coaching Review, 13(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2024.2301745
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2023). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-research-evaluation-methods/book249273
Pino-Ortega, J., Rojas-Valverde, D., Gómez-Carmona, C. D., & Rico-González, M. (2021). Training design, performance analysis, and talent identification—A systematic review about the most relevant variables through the principal component analysis in soccer, basketball, and rugby. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052642
Resnik, D. B. (2020). What is ethics in research & why is it important? National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis
Robert J. Peterka. (2018). Sensory integration for human balance control. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology (Vol. 159, pp. 27-42). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00002-1
Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/the-coding-manual-for-qualitative-researchers/book273700
Schwarz, N., & Oyserman, D. (2022). Asking questions about behavior: Cognition, communication, and questionnaire construction. American Journal of Evaluation, 22(2), 179-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/109821400102200203
Shenton, A. K. (2021). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-2004-22201
Smith, B., & McGannon, K. R. (2023). Developing rigor in qualitative research: Problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 101-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2017.1317357
Smith, D. J. (2003). A framework for understanding the training process leading to elite performance. Sports Medicine, 33(15), 1103-1126. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333150-00003
Sparkes, A. C., & Smith, B. (2022). Qualitative research methods in sport, exercise and health: From process to product (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Qualitative-Research-Methods-in-Sport-Exercise-and-Health-From-Process-to-Product/Sparkes-Smith/p/book/9780415578365
Stien, N., Saeterbakken, A. H., Hermans, E., Vereide, V. A., Olsen, E., & Andersen, V. (2019). Comparison of climbing-specific strength and endurance between lead and boulder climbers. PLoS ONE, 14(9), e0222529. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222529
Smith, D. J., & McVie, S. (2003). Theory and method in the Edinburgh study of youth transitions and crime. British Journal of Criminology, 43(1), 169-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.1.169
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta. https://cvalfabeta.com/product/metode-penelitian-kuantitatif-kualitatif-dan-rd/
Surmiak, A. (2023). Confidentiality in qualitative research involving vulnerable participants: A review of ethical challenges and solutions. Qualitative Research Journal, 23(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-08-2022-0089
Winkler, M., Künzell, S., & Augste, C. (2023). Competitive performance predictors in speed climbing, bouldering, and lead climbing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(8), 736-746. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2023.2239598
World Medical Association (WMA). (2022). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191-2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/case-study-research-and-applications/book250150
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Aspar, Waskito Aji Suryo Putro, Saiful Anwar

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
![]()
Jurnal Porkes is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License

