Identifikasi Profil Metabolit Sekunder Subfraksi Teraktif Daging Buah Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa) menggunakan High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Authors

  • Cici Okta Maelina Universitas Mataram
  • Lina Permatasari Universitas Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29408/sinteza.v5i2.29205

Keywords:

Kepundung, Baccaurea racemosa, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, metabolite profiling

Abstract

Baccaurea racemosa (kepundung) is a tropical plant with potential as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolite profile of the most active subfraction of kepundung fruit pulp using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). MS analysis was performed with Heated Electrospray Ionization (H-ESI) positive ionization mode. Compound identification was performed using Thermo Scientific™ software. HRMS analysis revealed the presence of 1,149 compounds, with the ten most abundant being L-pyroglutamic acid, senkyunolide H, trans-acotinic acid, glutarate, zerumbone, choline, cuminaldehyde, D-(+)-camphor, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and nicotinic acid. These compounds have been reported to have pharmacological activities, especially as antimicrobial and antifungal agents. These findings support the potential use of kepundung fruit pulp as a promising natural source for phytopharmaceutical development.

References

Ai, L., Fu, S., Li, Y., Zuo, M., Huang, W., Huang, J., Jin, Z., & Chen, Y. (2022). Natural products-based: Synthesis and antifungal activity evaluation of novel L-pyroglutamic acid analogues. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13(December), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1102411

Bilska, K., Stuper-Szablewska, K., Kulik, T., Buśko, M., Załuski, D., & Perkowski, J. (2018). Resistance-related L-pyroglutamic acid affects the biosynthesis of trichothecenes and phenylpropanoids by F. Graminearum sensu stricto. Toxins, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120492

Buttar, Z. A., Cheng, M., Wei, P., Zhang, Z., Lv, C., Zhu, C., Ali, N. F., Kang, G., Wang, D., & Zhang, K. (2024). Update on the Basic Understanding of Fusarium graminearum Virulence Factors in Common Wheat Research. Plants, 13(1159), 1–15.

Dai, P., Ma, Z., Xue, H., Xie, K., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Xia, Q., Zhang, M., Gu, Y. C., & Zhang, W. (2024). Discovery of novel D/L-camphor derivatives containing oxime ester as fungicide candidates: Antifungal activity, structure-activity relationship and preliminary mechanistic study. Advanced Agrochem, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aac.2024.11.007

Diastuti, H., Asnani, A., Delsy, E. V. Y., Pamukasari, R., & Indriani, S. (2022). Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Zerumbon from Zingiber zerumbet Rhizome. Molekul, 17(3), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2022.17.3.5808

Donkor, P. O., Chen, Y., Ding, L., & Qiu, F. (2016). Locally and traditionally used Ligusticum species – A review of their phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 194, 530–548. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.012

Duda-Madej, A., Viscardi, S., Grabarczyk, M., Topola, E., Kozłowska, J., Mączka, W., & Wińska, K. (2024). Is Camphor the Future in Supporting Therapy for Skin Infections? Pharmaceuticals, 17(6), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17060715

Gallo, M., & Gámiz, F. (2023). Choline: An Essential Nutrient for Human Health. Nutrients, 15(13), 2–4. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132900

Gámiz, F., & Gallo, M. (2021). A systematic review of the dietary choline impact on cognition from a psychobiological approach: Insights from animal studies. Nutrients, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061966

Geng, C., Jin, Z., Gu, M., Li, J., Tang, S., Guo, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., Li, Y., Huang, X., & Lu, X. (2023). Microbial production of trans-aconitic acid. Metabolic Engineering, 78, 183–191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2023.06.007

Gunawan, G., Chikmawati, T., Sobir, S., & Sulistijorini, S. (2016). Review: Fitokimia genus Baccaurea spp. Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, 2(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v2i2.2488

Hu, L., Bui, V. T., Huang, L., Singh, R. P., & Lin, H. (2021). Facilely Cross-Linking Polybenzimidazole with Polycarboxylic Acids to Improve H2/CO2 Separation Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13(10), 12521–12530. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c23098

Ibáñez, M. D., Sánchez-Ballester, N. M., & Blázquez, M. A. (2023). Healthy Zerumbone: From Natural Sources to Strategies to Improve Its Bioavailability and Oral Administration. Plants, 12(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12010005

Jiang, Y., Luo, Y., Chen, X., Liu, N., Hou, J., Piao, J., Song, C., Si, C., Hu, W., & Li, X. (2022). Senkyunolide H protects PC12 cells from OGD/R-induced injury via cAMP-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 282, 114659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114659

Kansakar, U., Trimarco, V., Mone, P., Varzideh, F., Lombardi, A., & Santulli, G. (2023). Choline supplements: An update. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14(March), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166

Minogue, E., Cunha, P. P., Wadsworth, B. J., Grice, G. L., Sah-Teli, S. K., Hughes, R., Bargiela, D., Quaranta, A., Zurita, J., Antrobus, R., Velica, P., Barbieri, L., Wheelock, C. E., Koivunen, P., Nathan, J. A., Foskolou, I. P., & Johnson, R. S. (2023). Glutarate regulates T cell metabolism and anti-tumour immunity. Nature Metabolism, 5, 1747–1764. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-00855-2

Monteiro-Neto, V., de Souza, C. D., Gonzaga, L. F., da Silveira, B. C., Sousa, N. C. F., Pontes, J. P., Santos, D. M., Martins, W. C., Pessoa, J. F. V., Carvalho Júnior, A. R., Almeida, V. S. S., de Oliveira, N. M. T., de Araújo, T. S., Maria-Ferreira, D., Mendes, S. J. F., Ferro, T. A. F., & Fernandes, E. S. (2020). Cuminaldehyde potentiates the antimicrobial actions of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. PLoS ONE, 15(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232987

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 159055, Camphor (synthetic). Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Camphor-_synthetic.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 305, Choline. Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Choline.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 326, Cuminaldehyde. Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cuminaldehyde.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5231988, Glutarate(1-). Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glutarate_1.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 13387, Methylpyrrolidone. Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methylpyrrolidone.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 938, Nicotinic acid. Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nicotinic-acid.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 7405, Pyroglutamic Acid. Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Pyroglutamic-Acid.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5316704, Senkyunolide H. Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Senkyunolide-H.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 444212, trans-Aconitic acid. Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/trans-Aconitic-acid.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5470187, Zerumbone. Retrieved April 26, 2025 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Zerumbone.

Padalia, R. C., Verma, R. S., Chauhan, A., Singh, V. R., Goswami, P., Singh, S., Verma, S. K., Luqman, S., Chanotiya, C. S., & Darokar, M. P. (2018). Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. from northern India: Potential source of zerumbone rich essential oil for antiproliferative and antibacterial applications. Industrial Crops and Products, 112, 749–754. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.01.006

Permatasari, L., Riyanto, S., & Rohman, A. (2021). Identification of phenolic compound from active subfraction of baccaurea racemosa pulp by high resolution mass spectrometry. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1), 1065–1072. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.171

Permatasari, L., Riyanto, S., & Rohman, A. (2022). The Review of Baccaurea racemosa : Neglected Plants, but Potential to be Developed. Proceedings of the 2nd Global Health and Innovation in Conjunction with 6th ORL Head and Neck Oncology Conference (ORLHN 2021), 46, 383–389. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220206.071

Rees, G., Brough, L., Orsatti, G. M., Lodge, A., & Walker, S. (2022). Do Micronutrient and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Affect Human Maternal Immunity during Pregnancy? A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 14(367), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020367

Roche-Molina, M., Hardwick, B., Sanchez-Ramos, C., Sanz-Rosa, D., Gewert, D., Cruz, F. M., Gonzalez-Guerra, A., Andres, V., Palma, J. A., Ibanez, B., Mckenzie, G., & Bernal, J. A. (2020). The pharmaceutical solvent N-methyl-2-pyrollidone (NMP) attenuates inflammation through Krüppel-like factor 2 activation to reduce atherogenesis. Scientific Reports, 10(11636), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68350-2

Setiawan, A. (2022). Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia: Masalah dan Upaya Konservasinya. Indonesian Journal of Conservation, 11(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijc.v11i1.34532

Shortt, J., Galettis, P., Cheah, C. Y., Davis, J., Ludford-Menting, M., Link, E. K., Martin, J. H., Koldej, R., & Ritchie, D. (2023). A phase 1 clinical trial of the repurposable acetyllysine mimetic, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Clinical Epigenetics, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-023-01427-7

Sulaiman, S. F., & Ooi, K. L. (2014). Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of 40 Tropical Juices from Malaysia and Identification of Phenolics from the Bioactive Fruit Juices of Barringtonia racemosa and Phyllanthus acidus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(39), 9576–9585. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf502912t

Tan, J., Li, W., Teng, Z., Wang, G., Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Senkyunolide H inhibits activation of microglia and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in BV2 microglia cells via regulating ERK and NF-κB pathway. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 38(4), 378–384. https://doi.org/10.1002/kjm2.12477

Wang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Wang, P., & Hou, X. (2024). Effect of Temperature on l-Pyroglutamic Acid Solubility in Organic Solvents: Experimental, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Thermodynamic Analysis. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 69(9), 3118–3128. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.4c00135

Wang, Z., Zou, Z., & Li, Q. (2022). Nicotinic acid supplementation contributes to the amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease in mouse models. Annals of Translational Medicine, 10(19), 1049–1049. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-22-1148

Wiedeman, A. M., Barr, S. I., Green, T. J., Xu, Z., Innis, S. M., & Kitts, D. D. (2018). Dietary choline intake: Current state of knowledge across the life cycle. Nutrients, 10(1513), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101513

Wulandari, L., Nugraha, A. S., & Azhari, N. P. (2020). Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antidiabetes Ekstrak Daun Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa Muell.Arg.) secara In Vitro. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 7(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.7.1.60-66.2020

Yang, D., Liu, T., Jiang, G., Hu, X., Zheng, T., Li, T., Gao, Z., Ouyang, Z., & Zhu, B. (2020). Senkyunolide H attenuates osteoclastogenesis and postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating the NF-κB, JNK and ERK signaling pathways. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 533(3), 510–518. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.054

Yu, C. S., Wang, Q., Bajsa-Hirschel, J., Cantrell, C. L., Duke, S. O., & Liu, X. H. (2021). Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Herbicidal Activity, and SAR Study of Novel N-(Arylmethoxy)-2-chloronicotinamides Derived from Nicotinic Acid. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 69(23), 6423–6430. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07538

Zhang, C., Guo, T., Huang, Q., Wang, L., Ban, C., & Shen, G. (2020). Solubility and thermodynamic properties of L-Pyroglutamic acid in pure and binary solvents. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 320, 114361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114361

Zhang, M., Gao, C., Guo, X., Guo, S., Kang, Z., Xiao, D., Yan, J., Tao, F., Zhang, W., Dong, W., Liu, P., Yang, C., Ma, C., & Xu, P. (2018). Increased glutarate production by blocking the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenation pathway and a catabolic pathway involving l-2-hydroxyglutarate. Nature Communications, 9(2114), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04513-0

Downloads

Published

2025-08-09

How to Cite

Maelina, C. O., & Permatasari, L. (2025). Identifikasi Profil Metabolit Sekunder Subfraksi Teraktif Daging Buah Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa) menggunakan High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Sinteza, 5(2), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.29408/sinteza.v5i2.29205

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): August

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Sinteza

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish in Sinteza, agree to retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.