Optimasi dan Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Perak dengan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Batang Anggrek Merpati (Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29408/sinteza.v5i1.29574Keywords:
Silver Nanoparticles, Antibacterial, Pigeon OrchidAbstract
Silver nanoparticles have demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. using a green synthesis method with plant extracts rich in flavonoids as bioreductor. The pigeon orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.) is a plant with potential as a bioreductant, especially its stem, rich in flavonoid compounds. Optimizing heating temperature, extract volume, and silver nitrate concentration is essential for producing silver nanoparticles with optimal properties and enhanced antibacterial activity. This research conducts optimization by varying the volume of pigeon orchid stem extract, heating temperature, and AgNO3 solution concentration. The main parameter in the optimization is the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) value. The characterization of silver nanoparticles includes particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, FTIR spectra, and antibacterial activity tests against E. coli and S. aureus. The research results show that the optimum conditions for synthesising silver nanoparticles are 1 mL of orchid stem extract, a heating temperature of 60°C, and an AgNO3 concentration of 1.629 mM.. The silver nanoparticles produced have characteristics with an SPR peak at 450 nm, a particle size of 98.267 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.2337, and a zeta potential of -21.9 mV. Antibacterial tests showed an inhibition zone of 14,71±1,23 mm against S. aureus and 15,28±0,91 mm against E. coli. These results prove that silver nanoparticles effectively inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
References
Adzani, H., & Rini, A. S. (2020). SIFAT OPTIK NANOPARTIKEL PERAK (Ag-NPs) MENGGUNAKAN BIOREDUKTOR EKSTRAK KULIT SEMANGKA KUNING. Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, 17(2), 104. https://doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.17.2.104-107
Agustiarini, V., & Permata Wijaya, D. (2021). Potensi batang pisang (Musaparadisiacal) sebagai bioreduktor dalam green sintesis Ag nanopartikel. Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 21(3), 163–167.
Arfi, K., & Taufikurohmah, T. (2017). Pemanfaatan Nanosilver Sebagai Antibakteri dalam Sediaan Farmasi Krim Pelembab Mata. UNESA Journal of Chemistry, 6(1), 11–19.
Astuti, T. A., Cahyaningrum, S. E., Kimia, J., Matematika, F., Alam, P., & Surabaya, U. N. (2024). Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Nano silver- Aloe vera as Wound Gel Preparation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Staphylococcus aureus. 13(1).
Asworo, R. Y., Hanandayu Widwiastuti, W., & Widayanti, E. (2023). Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Sirsak sebagai Bioreduktor. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical (e-Journal), 3(3), 2775–3670. https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v3i3.22310
Bere, M. L., Sibarani, J., & Manurung, M. (2019). Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak (NPAg) Menggunakan Ekstrak Air Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Sanctum Linn.) Dan Aplikasinya Dalam Fotodegradasi Zat Warna Metilen Biru. Cakra Kimia (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry), 7(2), 155–164.
Chen, X., & Schluesener, H. J. (2008). Nanosilver: A nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicology Letters, 176(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.004
Choudhary, K., & Kumar, J. (2025). Importance of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites in Orchids : A Review Journal of Chemical Health Risks. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(2024), 2009–2025.
Dewi, K. T. A., Kartini, Sukweenadhi, J., & Avanti, C. (2019). Karakter Fisik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Nanopartikel Perak Hasil Green Synthesis Menggunakan Ekstrak Air Daun Sendok (Plantago major L.). Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(2), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v6i2.4220
Dhani, R., Roza, R. M., & Fitmawati. (2023). Antibacterial Activity of Bitter Drugs from Lingga Malay Ethnic in Riau Archipelago Against Bacterial Causing Skin and Diarrhea Diseases. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(1), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i1.4430
Dwiastuti, R., Johannes, S., & Riswanto, F. D. O. (2022). Optimization of Nanosilver Synthesis Formula Using Bioreductor from Cassava Leaf Water Extract (Manihot esculenta Crantz): Application of Central Composite Design (CCD). J.Chemom.Pharm.Anal, 2(1), 164–178.
Edityaningrum, C. A., Oktafiani, A. T., Widiyastuti, L., & Arimurni, D. A. (2022). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Gel Nanopartikel Perak. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 9(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v9i2.35343
Fabiani, V. A., Putri, M. A., Saputra, M. E., & Indriyani, D. P. (2019). Synthesis of Nano Silver using Bioreductor of Tristaniopsis merguensis Leaf Extracts and Its Antibacterial Activity Test. JKPK (Jurnal Kimia Dan Pendidikan Kimia), 4(3), 172. https://doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v4i3.34617
Fiana, F. M., Kiromah, N. Z. W., & Purwanti, E. (2020). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli. Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v0i0.10108
Fitriyah, L., & Cahyaningrum, S. E. (2023). Synthesis and Characterization of Gel Chitosan-Nanosilver-Extract of Pare Fruit (Momordica Charantia) as antibacteria against Staphylococcus aureus. Indonesia Journal of Chemical Science, 12(1), 81–93.
Handoko V, Yusradinan A, Nursyahid A, Wandira, A., & Wulandari, A. P. (2022). Green Synthesis Nanopartikel Perak dengan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Daun Rami (Boehmeria nivea) melalui Iradiasi Microwave. Chimica et Natura Acta, 10(1), 15–21.
Irwan, R., Zakir, M., & Budi, P. (2016). Pengaruh Konsentrasi AgNO3 dan Suhu Sintesis terhadap Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Nanopartikel Perak. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 4(1), 356–361. https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2016.4-irw
Kalalo, W. M., Purwanjani, W., An, U., Purwodadi, N., & Tengah, J. (2024). Antibacterial Activity Test on Face Toner Preparations 70 % Ethanol Extract of Avocado Leaves ( Persea americana Mill ) Against Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria. Pratama Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, 3(1), 61–77.
Lestari, N. R. D., & Cahyaningrum, S. E. (2022). Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite-Nanosilver as Anti Bacteria that Cause Dental Caries. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, 11(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcs.v11i1.51070
Maharini, I., Fitrianingsih, F., & Utami, D. T. (2023). Green synthesis nanosilver using dadap serep (Erythrina Subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr) stem extract Green. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 1, 255–259. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i5-si.410
Masykuroh, A., Rahman, I. R., Hairunnisa, Meliadlina, N. O., & Hardiani, P. F. (2024). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Gel Nanokoloid Perak Hasil Biosintesis Menggunakan Ekstrak Tanaman Keladi Sarawak Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aures. Bioma : Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 9, 35–48.
More, P. R., Pandit, S., Filippis, A. De, Franci, G., Mijakovic, I., & Galdiero, M. (2023). Silver Nanoparticles: Bactericidal and Mechanistic Approach against Drug Resistant Pathogens. Microorganisms, 11(2), 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020369
Nabilla, A., & Advinda, L. (2022). Antimicrobic Activities Of Solid Soap Against Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli Human Pathogen Bacteria. Serambi Biologi, 7(4), 306–310.
Nalawati, A. N., Suyatma, N. E., & Wardhana, D. I. (2021). SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK (NPAg) DENGAN BIOREDUKTOR EKSTRAK BIJI JARAK PAGAR DAN KAJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 32(1), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2021.32.2.98
Payapo, I. A., Zakir, M., & Nunuk, H. S. (2016). SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK MENGGUNAKAN BIOREDUKTOR EKSTRAK DAUN KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI TABIR SURYA. 1–17.
Peloan, T., & Kaempe, H. (2020). PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN EKSTRAK DAUN GEDI MERAH TER- HADAP KANDUNGAN TOTAL FLAFONOID. Pharmacy Medical Journal, 3(2), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0044467720030107
Pradito, S. A., Muthmainah, N., & Biworo, A. (2022). Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Infus dan Sediaan Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Homeostasis, 5(1), 135. https://doi.org/10.20527/ht.v5i1.5212
Prasetyaningtyas, T., Prasetya, A. T., & Widiarti, N. (2020). Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Termodifikasi Kitosan dengan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Basilicum L.) dan Uji Aktivitasnya sebagai Antibakteri. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, 9(1), 37–43. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ijcs/article/view/29927/15739
Pratiwi, L. (2021). Novel antimicrobial activities of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system ethyl acetate fraction from Garcinia mangostana L. peels against Staphylococcus epidermidis: Design, optimization, and in vitro studies. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 11(3), 162–171. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2021.110313
Pratiwi, P. D., & Arnas, D. L. (2024). Aplikasi Simplex Lattice Design untuk Optimasi Emulgator dalam Krim Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Manis. Sinteza, 4(2), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.29408/sinteza.v4i2.26539
Purnamasari, G. A. P. P., Lestari, G. A. D., Cahyadi, K. D., Esati, N. K., & Suprihatin, I. E. (2021). BIOSINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK AIR DAUN CEMMEM (Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz.) DAN AKTIVITASNYA SEBBAI ANTIBAKTERI . Cakra Kimia (Indonesia E-Journal of Applied Chemistry), 9(2), 75–80.
Putro, D. S., Ermawati, D. E., & Yugatama, A. (2022). Volume Variation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Juice and Peel Extract Toward the Characteristic and Antibacterial Activity of Nanosilver. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 9(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v1i1.29870
Rakib-Uz-Zaman, S. M., Hoque, A. E., Muntasir, M. N., Mowna, S. A., Khanom, M. G., Jahan, S. S., Akter, N., R. Khan, M. A., Shuborna, N. S., Shams, S. M., & Khan, K. (2022). Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Cymbopogon citratus Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Properties. Challenges, 13(18), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/challe13010018
Rohmahdana, I. H., Maharini, I., Purba, E. N. B., & Salsabilah, I. (2024). Nanoparticles Formulated from Young Areca Nut Extract Utilizing Sodium Alginate as a Polymer and Calcium Chloride ( CaCl 2 ). Chempublish Journal, 8(2), 101–108.
Sandrasagaran, U. M., Subramaniam, S., & Murugaiyah, V. (2014). New perspective of dendrobium crumenatum orchid for antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(2), 719–724.
Sumiati, T., Ratnasari, D., & Mutiani, D. D. (2018). SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Farmamedika, 3(1), 27–33.
Taba, P., Parmitha, N. Y., & Kasim, S. (2019). Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Sebagai Bioreduktor Dan Uji Aktivitasnya Sebagai Antioksidan. Indo. J. Chem. Res., 7(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2019.7-ptb
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sinteza

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Sinteza, agree to retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY License). This license allows authors to use all articles, data sets, graphics, and appendices in data mining applications, search engines, web sites, blogs, and other platforms by providing an appropriate reference. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.