Relasi Patron-Klien dan Ketimpangan Ekonomi Masyarakat Nelayan di Ekas Buana, Lombok Timur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29408/jhm.v9i2.36917Keywords:
ketimpangan ekonomi, nelayan, patron-klien, pemilik modalAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis relasi patron-klien dan ketimpangan ekonomi antara pemilik modal dan masyarakat nelayan di Desa Ekas Buana, Kecamatan Jerowaru, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian berjumlah sepuluh orang, terdiri atas dua pemilik modal dan delapan masyarakat nelayan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa relasi ekonomi dibentuk oleh penguasaan kapal dan alat tangkap, penetapan aturan kerja, pembagian hasil 70% untuk pemilik modal dan 30% untuk nelayan, serta penguasaan pemasaran hasil tangkapan. Ketergantungan semakin kuat ketika nelayan memerlukan pinjaman untuk biaya melaut dan kebutuhan rumah tangga pada musim paceklik. Pendapatan nelayan dari kegiatan melaut berada pada kisaran Rp100.000–Rp150.000 per hari, sedangkan biaya operasional sekitar Rp100.000 per hari. Kondisi tersebut membuat pendapatan bersih sangat bergantung pada jumlah tangkapan, musim, dan cuaca. Nelayan merespons ketidakpastian melalui pekerjaan sampingan, tabungan, pinjaman pemilik modal, dan akses KUR. Temuan memperlihatkan bahwa hubungan tersebut bersifat resiprokal karena kedua pihak saling membutuhkan, tetapi asimetris karena sumber daya produksi, informasi pasar, dan kewenangan ekonomi lebih banyak terkonsentrasi pada pemilik modal.
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