Jejak Historis Haenyeo sebagai Simbol Kebudayaan Jeju: Gerakan Resistensi terhadap Imperialisme Jepang, 1931-1932
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29408/fhs.v6i2.6480Keywords:
Japanese imperialism, Jeju, haenyeo resistance movementAbstract
Haenyeo or 'female divers' have been the livelihood of most women in Jeju since 1700 years ago. When Japan launched its capitalist action in Korea in the 1930s, the participation of the haenyeo was considered beneficial to the colonial economy because of their skills in collecting Jeju Island seafood. By using history method, this study tries to look at the track record of the haenyeo who had become symbols of Jeju's history and culture, as one of the agents who fought for the rights of the Jeju people during the Japanese imperialism period 1931-1932, when Japan exploitation on Jeju fishing sector had grown massive. This study also sees the important influence of enlightenment education in growing awareness and fighting spirit of the haenyeo, so that they were able to overcome their limitations as a subordinated group within the social and economic structure, to appear as agents capable of driving colonial resistance actions.
Haenyeo atau ‘penyelam perempuan’ telah menjadi suatu mata pencaharian sebagian besar perempuan di Jeju sejak 1700 tahun yang lalu. Ketika Jepang melancarkan aksi kapitalismenya di Korea pada tahun 1930-an, partisipasi haenyeo dinilai menguntungkan perekonomian kolonial karena keterampilan mereka dalam mengumpulkan hasil laut Pulau Jeju. Dengan menggunakan metode sejarah dan studi literatur, penelitian ini mencoba melihat rekam jejak para haenyeo yang telah menjadi simbol sejarah dan kebudayaan Jeju, sebagai salah satu agen yang memperjuangkan hak rakyat Jeju pada masa imperialisme Jepang 1931-1932, ketika eksploitasi Jepang di sektor perikanan Jeju semakin masif. Penelitian ini juga melihat adanya pengaruh penting pendidikan pencerahan dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran dan semangat juang para haenyeo, sehingga mereka mampu meretas keterbatasan mereka sebagai golongan yang tersubordinasi dalam struktur sosial dan ekonomi, untuk tampil sebagai agen yang mampu memotori aksi resistensi kolonial.
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