The Role of Immunoglobulin E and Eosinophils In patients with Ascaris Lumbricoides: Literatur review

Abstract

Ascaris lumbricoides infection is a common soil-transmitted helminth infection, particularly in developing countries with inadequate sanitation and limited access to clean water. The host immune response to A.lumbricoides is predominantly mediated by Th2 responses, characterized by increased IgE production and eosinophil activation through IL-4 and IL-5. This study provides an overview of the role in the immune response and diagnostic potential of IgE and eosinophils in A. lumbricoides infection. Although studies have evaluated IgE and eosinophils in A. lumbricoides infection, most have assessed these biomarkers separately or alongside other immune parameters. This research to analyze the role of IgE and eosinophils in patients infected with A.lumbricoides. A descriptive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and SpringerLink. Relevant studies on A.lumbricoides, IgE, and eosinophils were identified, selected, and descriptively analyzed. A.lumbricoides infection induces a Th2-mediated immune response characterized by increased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, leading to IgE production and eosinophil activation. Elevated total and specific IgE and eosinophilia were commonly observed in infected individuals. However, IgE may also be influenced by atopy and allergen exposure, while eosinophilia showed relatively high specificity but low sensitivity. IgE and eosinophils reflect the immune response to A.lumbricoides infection but are insufficient as single diagnostic markers. Their combination with parasitological or molecular methods may improve detection of ascariasis.