PRODUKSI DAN REKOGNISI BAHASA PADA ANAK USIA DINI: PENDEKATAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK

Abstract

This study discusses the process of language production and recognition in early childhood using a psycholinguistic approach based on John Lyons’ theory. The research is motivated by a phenomenon in Sikur Barat Village, where significant differences exist in language abilities among six-year-old children. The study aims to explore how social factors, parental education, and interaction intensity influence children’s language acquisition. A qualitative descriptive method was used, involving observation, interviews, surveys, and documentation of children and parents in Dusun Jorong. The results show that children who actively interact with peers, like Najwa, tend to have better language skills than those who receive less verbal stimulation, like Haikal. Parental education also influences the child’s first language, which is then enriched through social interactions. Language production typically begins between 8–12 months, while language recognition starts at around 12 months and above. Factors affecting language acquisition include the environment, internal conditions, parenting styles, health, and pregnancy. These findings support Lyons’ theory that language acquisition involves linguistic, cognitive, and social aspects. This study highlights the important role of a supportive social environment and active parental involvement in stimulating early language development for optimal child communication skills.