Development of math efficacy scale for junior high school student in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v8i1.4522Keywords:
factor analysis, math efficacy, mixed-method, psychometrics, scale developmentAbstract
Indonesian students are indicated to have a low math efficacy. Currently, no psychology scale has been created to measure the math efficacy of Indonesian students, especially for junior high school level students. This study aims to develop a math efficacy scale for junior high school level students or equivalent based on Indonesian students’ characteristics. The study used an exploratory sequential design with mixed methods. The results of qualitative analysis through focused group interviews on two small groups of eight students show that seven major themes were related to mathematics efficacy. Qualitative analysis as the basis for a scale development consisting of 33 items and is administered to 478 participants. The results of the quantitative analysis through validity test with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that four dimensions appeared with total variance explained reaching 60.4%. The model was re-tested for compatibility with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and obtained index values of p < 0.001 (χ2), 0.047 (SRMR), 0.907 (TLI), 0.918 (CFI), and 0.064 (RMSEA). The four dimensions have met the standard of a fit index with 23 items remaining. The validity test was also supported by Pearson's Product Moment correlation of 0.795 for convergent validity test with Math Attitude Scale (MAS) and divergent validity test of -0.331 with Mathematical Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ). The scale's reliability was very good, with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.918.References
Arguello, J., & Crescenzi, A. (2019). Using principal component analysis to better understand behavioral measures and their effects. ICTIR 2019 - Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGIR International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1145/3341981.3344222
Azwar, S. (2019b). Penyusunan Skala Psikologi (2nd ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.
Bandura, A. (2012). On the Functional Properties of Perceived Self-Efficacy Revisited. Journal of Management, 38(1), 9–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410606
Betz, E., & Hackett, G. (1983). The Relationship of Mathematics Self-Efficacy Expectations to the Selection of Science-Based College Majors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 23(3), 329–345.
Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
Bonne, L., & Lawes, E. (2016). Assessing students ’ maths self- efficacy and achievement. Research Information for Teachers (Set), 2(October), 60–63. https://doi.org/10.18296/set.0048
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research (Second). The Guilford Press.
Coaley, K. (2010). An Introduction to Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics. SAGE Publications.
Gopnik, A., Sobel, D. M., Schulz, L. E., & Glymour, C. (2001). Causal Learning Mechanisms in Very Young Children : Two- , Three- , and Four-Year-Olds Infer Causal Relations From Patterns of Variation and Covariation. Developmental Psychology, 37(5), 620–629. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.37.5.620
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. In Pearson Education Limited (7th ed.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_395
Harris, B., & Petersen, D. (2017). Developing Math Skills in Early Childhood. In Mathematica Policy Research (Issue August).
Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2013). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues. In Wadsworth (8th ed.).
Kranzler, J. H., & Pajares, F. (1997). An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale — Revised ( MSES-R ). 29(4), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.1997.12068906
Li, C. H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3), 936–949. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7
May, D. K. (2009). Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire. University of Georgia.
Pampaka, M., & Williams, J. (2010). Measuring Mathematics Self Efficacy of students at the beginning of their Higher Education Studies. Proceedings of the British Congress for Mathematics Education, January, 159–166.
Raubenheimer, J. (2004) An Item Selection Procedure to Maximise Scale Reliability and Validity. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 30, 59-64.
https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v30i4.168
Schleicher, A. (2019). PISA 2018 Insights and Interpretations. www.oecd.org/pisa
Somawati, S. (2018). Peran Efikasi Diri (Self Efficacy) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika. Jurnal Konseling Dan Pendidikan, 6(1), 39–45.
Sukoco, H., Wismono, A., & Rusmilah. (2018). Skala Mathematics Self-Efficacy Untuk Jenjang SMA (Mathematics Self-Efficacy For Senior High School/MSESc). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Etnomatnesia, 752–760.
Thien, L. M., Darmawan, I. G. N., & Ong, M. Y. (2015). Affective characteristics and mathematics performance in Indonesia , Malaysia , and Thailand : what can PISA 2012 data tell us ? Large-Scale Assessments in Education, 3(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-015-0013-z
Zakariya, Y. F., Goodchild, S., Bjørkestøl, K., & Nilsen, H. K. (2019). Calculus Self-Efficacy Inventory : Its Development and Relationship with Approaches to learning. Education Sciences, 9(3), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030170
Zhou, Y. (2019). Measurement : Interdisciplinary Research and A Mixed Methods Model of Scale Development and Validation Analysis. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 17(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2018.1479088
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with the Jurnal Elemen agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Jurnal Elemen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
