Motivation to Learn English When Facing Difficulties and Fatigue Among ESL Students of University of Arkansas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29408/veles.v3i2.1482Keywords:
Motivation, Gender, Age, Living StatusAbstract
This study aims to explore motivation to learn English when facing difficulties and fatigue among ESL students of University of Arkansas based on the level of their study ,gender, age, living status (living alone and living with others). To collect the data, graduate and undergraduate degree holders were asked to take the survey voluntarily. The result of research indicates that there is no significant different between undergraduate holder (mean = 3.54; std.dev = 0.48) and graduate degree holders (mean = 3.64; std.dev = 0.52 , based on independent t-test, t= -1.270, p-value >0.05) However, when comparing the motivation based on the gender, the data signify the difference between male(mean = 3.65; std.dev = 0.51) and female .undergraduate degree holders(mean= 3.46; std.dev = 0.45), in which male undergraduate degree holders are more motivated than females. Also, there is a significant different motivation between adult learners based on their living situation. The data shown that adult learners who live with others (mean= 3.63;std.dev= 0.47) have higher motivation than those who live alone (mean = 3.42; std.dev= 0.56) based on independent t-test ( t= -2.222, p-value <0.05). In addition, when motivation to learn is compared across age groups of participants, it indicates no significant difference (F = 1.282, p-value > 0.05).
References
Ames, C A. 1990. Motivation: What Teachers Need to Know. Teachers College Record , 3 ,92-97.
Cavallo, M.L. A., Potter, H.W., & Rozman, M. 2004. Gender Differences in Learning Constructs, Shifts in Learning Constructs, and Their Relationship to Course Achievement in a Structured Inquiry, Yearlong College Physics Course for Life Science Majors. School Science and Mathematics, 104(6), 288-300. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from Research Library database. (Document ID: 712624961).
Chirkov, V.I., Ryan, R.M. & Willness, C. 2005. Cultural context and psychological needs in Canada and Brazil: Testing a self-determination approach to internalization of cultural practices, identity and well-being’. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 36,425–433.
Cook, V. 2002. Portraits of the L2 user. Boston: Harvard University.
Daniels, E., & Arapostathis, M. 2005. What do they really want? Urban Education, 40, 34-59.
Dornyei, Z. 2003. Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge: CUP.
Gardner,J.2001.Integrative motivation andsecond-language acquisition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
Geen, G. R. 1991. Social motivation. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 377-399.
Kleinginna, P., Jr., & Kleinginna A. 1981. A categorized list of motivation definitions, with suggestions for consensual definition. Motivation and Emotion, 5, 263-291.
Keller, J. 2002. Motivational design for learning and performance: The ARCS Model approach. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
Marshall, H. H. 1987. Motivational strategies of three fifth-grade teachers. The Elementary School Journal 88, (2). 135-150.
Masgoret, A. M., & Gardner, R. C. 2003. Attitudes, motivation, and second language learning. Language Learning, 53, 123-163.
McIntyre, P.D. 2002. Motivation, anxiety and emotion in second language acquisition. USA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Oxford, R. & Ehrman, M. 1993. Second language research on individual differences. Annual Reviewof Applied Linguistics, 13,188-205.
Ryan, R.M. & Deci, E.L. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68 – 78.
Stake, E. J. 1984. Educational and career confidence and motivation among female and male undergraduates. American Educational Research Journal, 21, 565-578
Taha, T. A. 2007. Arabic as a critical need foreign language in Post 9 11 Era A study of students attitudes and motivation. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 34,,150-160.
Weiner, B. 2000).Intrapersonal and interpersonal theories of motivation from an attributional perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 12, 1-13.
Wingfield, A., & Guthrie, T. J. 1997. Relations of children’s motivation for reading to the amount and breadth of their reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 420-432.
Zehler, A. 1994. Working with English language learners: Strategies for elementary and middle school teachers. NCBE Program Information Guide Series, 19,12-18.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with the VELES Journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
VELES Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.