Developing GeoGebra-based digital worksheets to foster conceptual understanding in circle geometry
Keywords:
circle topic, fundamental mathematical concepts, GeoGebra-based digital worksheetsAbstract
Digital tools are increasingly being used in mathematics learning; however, there are few empirical studies that have examined the effect of GeoGebra integration in structured learning media (e.g., digital worksheets) on students’ conceptual understanding in particular topics such as circles. This research aims to design and validate a digital worksheet using GeoGebra to improve students’ understanding of basic mathematical concepts. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model. The subjects of the study were 48 students of Grade XI of a state senior high school in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted through expert validation, user evaluation, and concept understanding tests. Results showed that the developed digital worksheet was valid (average expert rating was above 4.2), practical (practically applicable on all indicators' evaluation), and effective, which was evidenced by a significant increase in student scores from pre-test (M = 73) to post-test (M = 87) with an N-Gain score of 0.68. Theoretically, this study contributes to the evidence of GeoGebra-supported conceptual learning in geometry, based on design-based research. Unlike its use as a standalone tool, the current study incorporates GeoGebra in structured worksheets to provide a guided-discovery framework for conceptual understanding.
References
Alyani, F., Dinda, N., & Putri, S. (2022). Students’ mathematical critical thinking using GeoGebra software based on adversity quotient. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 55(3), 562–575.
Amalia, F. N., Ristiana, M. G., & Afrilianto, M. (2024). Pengembangan LKPD berbasis pendekatan saintifik berbantuan GeoGebra [Development of GeoGebra-assisted student worksheets based on a scientific approach]. Jurnal Pembelajaran Matematika Inovatif, 7(4), 611–624. https://doi.org/10.22460/jpmi.v7i4.21503
Awaji, B. M., Khalil, I., & Al-Zahrani, A. A. (2025). A bibliometric study of two decades of GeoGebra research in mathematics education. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 15(1), 130–150.
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186–3191.
Bekene Bedada, T., & Machaba, M. F. (2022). The effect of GeoGebra on students’ abilities to study calculus. Education Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4400024
Birgin, O., & Uzun Yazıcı, K. (2021). The effect of GeoGebra software-supported mathematics instruction on eighth-grade students’ conceptual understanding and retention. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(5), 1431–1445. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12532
Brinkerhoff, M. R., Porter, E., & Anderson, J. (2024). Success in asynchronous courses through increasing students’ social presence. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 24(7), 113–121.
Duval, R. (2006). A cognitive analysis of problems of comprehension in a learning of mathematics. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 61, 103–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-006-0400-z
Foo, C. H., & Ng, E. C. S. (2022). Pembinaan modul berasaskan GeoGebra untuk meningkatkan kefahaman murid bagi topik bulatan tingkatan dua [Development of a GeoGebra-based module to enhance students’ understanding of form two circles. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 10(2), 67–73.
Hayati, Z., & Ulya, K. (2022). Developing students’ mathematical understanding using GeoGebra software. Jurnal Ilmiah Didaktika, 22(1), 134–146.
Komariah, K., Rufii, & Rohman, U. (2024). Development of Google Sites-based teaching materials for mathematics subjects. Eduvest: Journal of Universal Studies, 4(11), 10438–10455.
Leacock, T. L., & Nesbit, J. C. (2007). A Framework for Evaluating the Quality of Multimedia Learning Resources. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 44-59.
Maison, H., M, K., A, D., Sandra, R. O., Yolviansyah, F., & Iqbal, M. (2022). Misconception materials tool: Web-based assessment of buoyancy. Journal of Education Technology, 6(2), 237–246.
Martatiyana, D. R., Usman, H., & Lestari, H. D. (2023). Application of the ADDIE model in designing learning media. Journal of Education & Teaching Primary School Teachers, 6(1), 105–109.
Mollakuqe, V., Rexhepi, S., & Iseni, E. (2021). Incorporating GeoGebra into teaching circle properties at high school level and its comparison with the classical method of teaching. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 16(1), 1–11.
Muazarah, S. F., Qohar, A., & Sisworo, S. (2025). Development of learning media assisted by GeoGebra and interactive games on cone material. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(1), 12–21.
Muchlis, E. E., Priatna, N., & Dahlan, J. A. (2021). Development of a web-based worksheet with a project-based learning model assisted by GeoGebra. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika, 8(1), 46–60.
Nesta, R. A., Susanta, A., & Haji, S. (2024). Pengembangan LKPD berbasis GeoGebra dan problem based learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika peserta didik kelas VII SMPN 17 [Development of GeoGebra-based student worksheets and problem-based learning to improve students. mathematical conceptual understanding]. Lebesgue: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Matematika dan Statistika, 5(3), 1423–1440.
Nopitria, M., Susanta, A., & Koto, I. (2022). Pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) berbasis discovery learning berbantuan GeoGebra pada geometri ruang kelas IV SD [Development of GeoGebra-assisted discovery learning worksheets for fourth-grade elementary school geometry. Jurnal KAPEDAS: Kajian Pendidikan Dasar, 1(2), 206–214.
Norberg, M. (2023). Young students’ meaning-making when working with mathematics textbooks–A multimodal study focusing on the designed and the discovered. Research in Mathematics Education, 25(2), 194–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/14794802.2022.2045624
Ntshangase, S. C., Ndlovu, M., & Oladele, J. I. (2022). The effect of dynamic geometry software use for teaching and learning Grade 11 circle geometry. African Journal of Teacher Education and Development, 3(1), 1–11.
Nugroho, H., Desti, D., & Kismiantini. (2025, 2025). Integrating GeoGebra into project-based learning to improve students’ problem-solving skills on circle topics Proceedings of ISMEI 2024, https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-434-1
http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-434-1
Pertiwi, S., Mailizar, M., & Elizar, E. (2023). Validity of guided inquiry-based learning instruments with GeoGebra applets for teaching mathematics. Kalamatika: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(1), 63–76.
Puspita, R. P., Susanta, A., & Koto, I. (2022). Pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik menggunakan model problem based learning berbantuan GeoGebra pada geometri kelas V SD [Development of GeoGebra-assisted problem-based learning worksheets for fifth-grade elementary school geometry. Jurnal KAPEDAS: Kajian Pendidikan Dasar, 1(2), 215–223.
Putra, Z. H., Lestari, S., & Siller, H. S. (2025). Elementary school teachers’ experiences in engaging with digital technology in teacher professional development: The case of GeoGebra. Journal on Mathematics Education, 16(1), 299–320.
Radović, S., Radojičić, M., Veljković, K., & Marić, M. (2020). Examining the effects of GeoGebra applets on mathematics learning using interactive mathematics textbooks. Interactive Learning Environments, 28(1), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1512001
Salifu, A. S. (2020). Effect of GeoGebra on pre-service teachers’ achievement and perception of circle theorems. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(8), 1–7.
Sarah, M., & Batiibwe, K. (2024). Application of interactive software in classrooms: A case of GeoGebra in learning geometry in secondary schools in Uganda. Discover Education, 3, 179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00291-8
Schrepp, M., Hinderks, A., & Thomaschewski, J. (2017). Construction of a benchmark for the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, 4(4), 40–44. https://doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2017.445
Setiawan, H., Fitriani, N., & Sabandar, J. (2022). Pengembangan bahan ajar matematika SMP berbantuan software GeoGebra dengan pendekatan kontekstual untuk meningkatkan pemikiran kreatif matematis [Development of GeoGebra-assisted junior high school mathematics teaching materials using a contextual approach to improve mathematical creative thinking]. MaPan: Jurnal Matematika dan Pembelajaran, 10(2), 299–311.
Sugandi, A. I., Bernard, M., & Linda, L. (2020). Efektivitas pembelajaran daring berbasis masalah berbantuan GeoGebra terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis di era Covid-19 [The effectiveness of GeoGebra-assisted problem-based online learning on mathematical reasoning abilities during the Covid-19 era. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 9(4), 993–1004.
Suryati, K., & Adnyana, I. G. (2022). Pendidikan matematika realistik berbantuan media GeoGebra untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar geometri ditinjau dari kemampuan spasial [Realistic mathematics education assisted by GeoGebra media to improve geometry learning outcomes in terms of spatial ability. PENDIPA Journal of Science Education, 6(3), 658–663.
Tay, M. K., & Wonkyi, T. M. (2018). Effect of using GeoGebra on senior high school students’ performance in circle theorems. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 14, 1–17.
Vonkova, H., & Hrabak, J. (2015). The (in)comparability of ICT knowledge and skill self-assessments among upper secondary school students: The use of the anchoring vignette method. Computers & Education, 85, 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.03.003
Widana, I. W., & Laksitasari, B. D. (2023). Improving students’ learning outcomes on circle equation material using GeoGebra software. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development, 4(1), 32–39.
Ziatdinov, R., & Valles, J. R. J. (2022). Synthesis of modeling, visualization, and programming in GeoGebra as an effective approach for teaching and learning STEM topics. Mathematics, 10(3), 398.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Putu Friska Anandita, I Wayan Sudiarsa, I Gusti Agung Ngurah Trisna Jayantika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with the Jurnal Elemen agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Jurnal Elemen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
